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Marx's 'Das Kapital' For Beginners

Marx’s 'Das Kapital' cannot be put into a box marked "economics." It is a work of politics, history, economics, philosophy and even in places, literature (yes Marx’s style is that rich and evocative). Marx’s 'Das Kapital' For Beginners is an introduction to the Marxist critique of capitalist production and its consequences for a whole range of social activities such as politics, media, education and religion. 'Das Kapital' is not a critique of a particular capitalist system in a particular country at a particular time. Rather, Marx's aim was to identify the essential features that define capitalism, in whatever country it develops and in whatever historical period. For this reason, 'Das Kapital' is necessarily a fairly general, abstract analysis. As a result, it can be fairly difficult to read and comprehend. At the same time, understanding 'Das Kapital' is crucial for mastering Marx's insights to capitalism. Marx's 'Das Kapital' For Beginners offers an accessible path through Marx's arguments and his key questions: What is commodity? Where does wealth come from? What is value? What happens to work under capitalism? Why is crisis part of capitalism's DNA? And what happens to our consciousness, our very perceptions of reality and our ways of thinking and feeling under capitalism? Understanding and learn from Marx's work has taken on a fresh urgency as questions about the sustainability of the capitalist system in today's global economy intensify.

Labor power that addsvalueis adifferent form of capital: On theother hand, that
partof capital represented by laborpower, does, inthe process of production,
undergo an alteration of value.It both reproduces the equivalent of its own value,
and also produces an excess, a surplus value, which may itself vary, may be
moreor less according to circumstances. —Marx, Das Kapital Marx calls
thatpartofcapital that buys livinglabor power, variable capital, because its
produces value that varies ...

Das Kapital

A Critique of Political Economy

Das Kapital, Karl Marx's seminal work, is the book that above all others formed the twentieth century. From Kapital sprung the economic and political systems that at one time dominated half the earth and for nearly a century kept the world on the brink of war. Even today, more than one billion Chinese citizens live under a regime that proclaims fealty to Marxist ideology. Yet this important tome has been passed over by many readers frustrated by Marx’s difficult style and his preoccupation with nineteenth-century events of little relevance to today's reader. Here Serge Levitsky presents a revised version of Kapital, abridged to emphasize the political and philosophical core of Marx’s work while trimming away much that is now unimportant. Pointing out Marx’s many erroneous predictions about the development of capitalism, Levitsky's introduction nevertheless argues for Kapital's relevance as a prime example of a philosophy of economic determinism that "subordinates the problems of human freedom and human dignity to the issues of who should own the means of production and how wealth should be distributed." Here then is a fresh and highly readable version of a work whose ideas provided inspiration for communist regimes' ideological war against capitalism, a struggle that helped to shape the world today.

rowth of capital involves growth of its variable constituent or of the part invested in
labor-power. A part of the sur- plus-value turned into additional capital must
always be retransformed into variable capital, or additional labor-fund. If we
suppose that, all other circumstances remaining the same, the com- position of
capital also remains constant (i.e., that a definite mass of means of production
constantly needs the same mass of labor-power to set in motion), then the
demand for labor ...

Peta Islam politik pasca-Soeharto

Islamic parties in Indonesia after the fall of Soeharto from power.

... pembelahan semacam itu kemungkinan besar sudah redup kalau tidak hilang,
tetapi untuk meneropong Islam yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bentuk politik
melalui partai politik Islam pembilahan itu tetap berguna. n Suasana politik
nasional segera setelah Soeharto turun ditandai oleh kuatnya semangat
reformasi yang terus bertahan hingga masa mendekati pelaksanaan pemilu. Di
masa itu peta politik nasional terbelah menjadi dua kutub yang bertolak
belakang: kubu reformis ...

Democratic Governance in International Territorial Administration

Institutional Prerequisites for Democratic Governance in the Constitutional Documents of Territories Administered by International Organisations

This book analyzes in a comparative way how, and to what extent, the constitutional documents governing territories administered by international organizations (the League of Nations, the UN with the OSCE, and the EU) have provided institutional prerequisites for democratic governance. Territories covered are the Free City of Danzig, the Saar Territory, the Territory of Leticia, the City of Jerusalem, the Free Territory of Trieste, the Congo, West Irian, South West Africa/ Namibia, Cambodia, Somalia, the City of Mostar, Eastern Slavonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the District of Brcko, East Timor, and Kosovo. The book begins by discussing problematic issues in international territorial administration, such as evident in the problem of the delineation of the international personality of the territories, the applicability of the concept of democracy, and the enforceability of human rights. It continues by describing the legal framework for democratic governance by delineating the scope of the authority of governance conferred upon international organizations (and/or former states) and local institutions. It applies a framework for democratic governance to the constitutional documents by analyzing to what extent they reflect basic principles of democracy, such as the separation of powers and the independence of the judiciary and the principle of popular sovereignty. The documents are also compared as to provision of mechanisms of accountability and judicial review, political rights, and special participation rights for minorities in institutionalized decision-making processes. Finally, the book proposes ways by which governance in territories administered by international organizations can be democratized, such as by an increased transfer of powers and increased possibilities for popular participation in the government of the territory as well as by modifications to the institutional structures governing the territories.

D. Rohde, Kosovo Seething, Foreign Affairs 79/3/2000, 78. 532 Cf. Marshall,
Inglis, op. cit. , 1 1 7 et seq. 533 UNMIK/REG/2000/1 of 14 January 2000 On the
Kosovo Joint Interim Administrative Structure. The agreement on JIAS was
signed on 15 December 1999 by Hashim Thaci for the PPDK, Ibrahim Rugova for
the LDK and Rexhep Qosja for the LBD who agreed to abolish all parallel
structures by January 31, 2000. Cf. Lorenz, op. cit., 131. 534 The KTC had been
established at its ...

Jalan Tengah Demokrasi

antara Fundamentalisme dan Sekularisme

Wacana tentang isu Demokrasi di dunia Islam sampai saat ini masih menjadi bahan perdebatan. Ada pihak yang menuduh demokrasi sebagai bid’ah politik yang tidak dikenal di dunia Islam dan sepenuhnya merupakan produk Barat yang sekular. Akibatnya segala turunan hasil politik melalui mekanisme demokrasi dianggap salah dan menyimpang. Namun adapula pihak yang menerima demokrasi sebagai alat perjuangan politik Islam yang harus diterima dan dikawal sebagai mekanisme politik yang terbaik dibanding system lainnya yang ada. Anehnya, pihak-pihak yang menolak mekanisme politik melalui jalur demokrasi belum mampu merumuskan format politik yang tepat dan ideal menurut kacamata Islam. Sehingga walau sudah menolak mekanisme demokrasi namun mereka yang menolak masih tidak seia sekata mengenai system yang ideal dan terbaik menurut format Islam. Dalam buku ini penulis mencoba menyajikan sejarah politik kekuasaan Islam hingga ketemu titik singgungnya dengan system demokrasi modern. Ternyata titik kesamaannya dengan titik bedanya lebih banyak titik kesamaanya. Warisan system politik di era Khulafaurrasyidin sejatinya identik dengan mekanisme demokrasi modern, dimana seorang khalifah dipimpin oleh partisipasi politik rakyatnya, seorang khalifah bekerja untuk mengabdi kepada rakyatnya dan bertanggungjawab kepada rakyat. Di kalangan fundamentalis Muslim, demokrasi dianggap sekular, sedangkan di kalangan sekularis, demokrasi dianggap tidak memiliki korelasi hubungan dengan Islam. Namun dalam buku ini, ditampilkan bahwa demokrasi adalah bukan sekular dan sekularisme tidaklah identik dengan demokrasi, namun demokrasi bisa paralel dengan Islam. Produk-produk demokrasi seperti pemilu, multi partai, undang-undang dsb adalah suatu keniscayaan politik yang harus diterima. -pustaka al-kautsar-

Mereka inilah yang disebut As-Sabiqunal-Awwalun (golongan pertama yang
masuk Islam) yang semuanya berasal dari Kabilah Quraisy. Selepas tiga tahun
pertama, dakwah mulai disampaikan secara lebih terang-terangan. Hal ini
menimbulkan kepanikan tersendiri bagi para pembesar Quraisy Makkah yang
menganggap ajaran yang dibawa Nabi Muhammad e sebagai potensi ancaman
buat mereka. Untuk itu mereka bersiasat untuk mengerem laju dakwah Nabi
Muhammad e ...

Misgovernment

When Lawful Authority Prevents Justice and Prosperity

Why are so many countries so poorly governed? In Misgovernment, Mark Lipse presents a compelling theory - that misgovernment is the almost inevitable legacy of lawmakers ignoring natural rights when setting up the legal, administrative and constitutional powers of governments. The result, especially in developing countries, is “predatory jurisdiction”, or government powers, which, while lawful, and generally viewed as normal and natural, actually have the potential to be massively unjust and destructive. In this cogently reasoned work, Lipse explains exactly how benchmarks can be established to identify such inappropriate government powers, and the standards of justice that should be applied in assessing them. An informed citizenry is an essential element in the struggle against misgovernment, injustice and poverty. Misgovernment provides a new set of ideas about governance to further the practical application of the underlying principle - that classical natural rights do provide a solid platform for truly benign yet effective social activism.

In this cogently reasoned work, Lipse explains exactly how benchmarks can be established to identify such inappropriate government powers, and the standards of justice that should be applied in assessing them.

Hizb ut-Tahrir i Danmark

farlig fundamentalisme eller uskyldigt ungdomsoprør

Med udgangspunkt i Danmark gives et samlet overblik over Hizb ut-Tahrirs ideologi, struktur, hvervningsmetoder, pressestrategi, retorik, selvforståelse og historie

Understanding Tahrir Square

What Transitions Elsewhere Can Teach Us about the Prospects for Arab Democracy

Amid the current turmoil in the Middle East, Understanding Tahrir Square sounds a rare optimistic note. Surveying countries in other parts of the world during their transitions to democracy, author Stephen Grand argues that the long-term prospects in many parts of the Arab world are actually quite positive. If the current polarization and political violence in the region can be overcome, democracy will eventually take root. The key to this change will likely be ordinary citizens—foremost among them the young protestors of the Arab Spring who have filled the region's public spaces—most famously, Egypt's Tahrir Square. The book puts the Arab Spring in comparative perspective. It reveals how globalization and other changes are upending the expectations of citizens everywhere about the relationship between citizen and state. Separate chapters examine the experiences of countries in the former Eastern bloc, in the Muslim-majority states of Asia, in Latin America, and in Sub-Saharan Africa during the recent Third Wave of democratization. What these cases show is that, at the end of the day, democracy requires democrats. Many complex factors go into making a democracy successful, such as the caliber of its political leaders, the quality of its constitution, and the design of its political institutions. But unless there is clear public demand for new institutions to function as intended, political leaders are unlikely to abide by the limits those institutions impose. If American policymakers want to support the brave activists struggling to bring democracy to the Arab world, helping them cultivate an effective political constituency for democracy—in essence, growing the Tahrir Square base—should be the lodestar of U.S. assistance.

The book puts the Arab Spring in comparative perspective. It reveals how globalization and other changes are upending the expectations of citizens everywhere about the relationship between citizen and state.