Sebanyak 708 item atau buku ditemukan

Performance Testing, Cognition and Assessment

Selected Papers from the 15th Language Research Testing Colloquium, Cambridge and Arnhem

This publication contains a selection of research papers presented at the 15th Annual Language Testing Research Colloquium.This publication contains a selection of research papers presented at the 15th Annual Language Testing Research Colloquium (LTRC). The Colloquium was jointly hosted by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) in Cambridge and CITO in Arnhem in the Netherlands. At the Cambridge venue, the papers were presented on the theme of performance testing and at Arnhem, they covered aspects of communication in relation to cognition and assessment. A selection of papers has been made in order to achieve a balanced coverage of these themes. In particular, the research presented includes work on speaking and writing tests where the focus is on raters and tasks; the application of various statistical methods in language test validation; and issues related to language testing in specific contexts and with particular candidate groups.

Yasmeen Lukmani Research Centre for English and Applied Linguistics,
University of Cambridge/University of Bombay Introduction A question that
interests all educationists is the identification of factors which lead to academic
success.

Intelligent Testing

Integrating Psychological Theory and Clinical Practice

This tribute to Alan S. Kaufman is edited by his son James, with contributions by a 'who's who' in IQ testing.

According to U.S. Census data reported in 2000, more than 31 million people 5
years and older spoke a language other than English in the home and almost
2,000,000 had no English—speaking ability (U.S. Bureau of the Census). By
2005 ...

Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics (GURT) 1989: Language Teaching, Testing, and Technology

Lessons from the Past with a View Toward the Future

Language proficiency testing with limited English-proficient students J. Michael O'
Malley Georgetown University Evaluation Assistance Center (EAC) East, Director
Abstract. There have been dramatic shifts in views on language proficiency ...

Testing the Spoken English of Young Norwegians

A Study of Testing Validity and the Role of Smallwords in Contributing to Pupils' Fluency

This book reports on a two-part study: the validation of a test of spoken English for Norwegian secondary school pupils and the corpus-based investigation of the role played by 'smallwords', such as 'well', 'sort of', and 'you know', in bringing about fluency. The first study builds on the Messickian six central aspects of construct validity to produce a practical framework for test validation. It identifies potential sources of invalidity in the test being examined particularly relating to 'fluency'. The second study sets about to explore the concept of fluency, and to expose the extent to which it is acknowledged in the literature to be associated with smallwords, albeit under other names. The findings from the corpus study are drawn on to propose new elements to include in descriptors of fluency, and the implications of the study for classroom practices are discussed.

The 'thing' that is supposed to be tested in the EVA speaking test is 14–15-year-
old Norwegian students' communicative language ability ( CLA) in English
spoken interaction. Prior to developing a test of spoken CLA, one of the first tasks
is to ...

English Language Testing in Hong Kong

Social Work Practice synthesizes the latest theories and research findings in social work and related fields and demonstrates how this information is used in working with clients. Because the interview is the medium in which much of social work practice takes place, learning the processes and skills to conduct a productive interview is a critical part of social work education.

(Davies 1991) Progress in Learning a Language At the beginning of their English
course, students know very little English; at the end (we hope) they know quite a
lot. How should we chart a student's progress from beginner to expert user of ...

Issues in Testing Business English

The Revision of the Cambridge Business English Certificates

Demand is steadily growing for language tests with a specialized focus which will suit the needs of key professional domains as diverse as business, law, the airline industry, and teacher education. This book explores the testing of language for sepcific purposes (LSP) from a theoretical and a practical perspective, with a particular focus on the testing of English for business purposes. A range of tests - both past and present - is reviewed, and the development of business English testing at Cambridge ESOL is discussed. The description of the revision of the Business English Certificates (BEC) forms a major part of the book and offers a unique insight into an approach to large-scale ESP test development and revision.

This book explores the testing of language for sepcific purposes (LSP) from a theoretical and a practical perspective, with a particular focus on the testing of English for business purposes.

A Modular Approach to Testing English Language Skills

The Development of the Certificates in English

Documents the development of the Cambridge ESOL Certificates in English Language Skills (CELS), a suite of modular examinations first offered in 2002. As a context for how CELS was conceived, developed, constructed, validated and managed, the book traces the history of exams which have influenced CELS. The Royal Society of Arts (RSA), later UCLES (University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate) Communicative Use of English as a Foreign Language examinations (CUEFL) was one such influence, as were the Certificates in Communication Skills in English (CCSE), these exams being a development of the CUEFL. The University of Oxford Delegacy of Local Examinations (UODLE) examinations, taken over by UCLES in 1995, were a further influence on CELS. UODLE itself had worked in partnership with the Association of Recognised Language Schools (ARELS) Examinations Trust, the Oxford EFL reading and writing exams for many years offered in tandem with the ARELS Oral English exams.

much so, in fact, that it is quite normal (e.g. Wilga Rivers 1968) to refer to “the
eclectic method” of language teaching, meaning a selection of approaches from
different “movements”. Howatt (1984: 192) reminds us that language teaching “
movements” that we may consider as “discrete” are often actually variations of
what he calls the same “underlying philosophy”. Howatt would thus see as
related some of the language teaching approaches treated in this volume as
more independent ...

Language Change in Child and Adult Hebrew:A Psycholinguistic Perspective

A Psycholinguistic Perspective

The study of language acquisition has taken on new meaning in the last decade. Now seen as part of the study of other forms of language variation across time and space, such as dialects and sociolects, and the study of pidgins and Creoles, it can help to provide a new understanding of how language evolves and what directs its development. Dorit Ravid here provides a study of contemporary speakers of Hebrew, focusing in particular on inflectional morphology. She traces language development from childhood to adulthood in Hebrew speakers, and explores strategies of language acquisition and language processing leading to variation in the spoken Hebrew of speakers of different ages and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Dorit Ravid here provides a study of contemporary speakers of Hebrew, focusing in particular on inflectional morphology.

Building a Better Vocabulary

By Studying Words in Context

After finishing work on the fundamentals of English grammar and syntax, the Hispanic student is often looking for ways to increase his or her general vocabulary. To that end, this book is designed either for studying by oneself or for participating in an academic program. To adapt the text to the widest levels of language skills, the words chosen for study range from the relatively simple to the more complex. Then, as a first step in outlining the meaning of the word, its Spanish equivalent appears in italics immediately after its initial listing and its sounds-of-speech pronunciation. The full analysis of the word ends with a space for the student's using that word in a sentence. That analysis, including a listing of typical synonyms and antonyms, is followed by an end-of-section series of comprehension checks. In short, the student sees the impact of context on the meaning of a word, has a familiar Spanish word as an added help to understanding the word, learns something of its origin, has an immediate opportunity to use it, and gets acquainted wit its common synonyms and antonyms. Finally, each of the twelve 'chapters' contains a short discussion of a common mistake to be avoided or a desirable quality of language (e.g., reliance on 'action words') to be developed.

To that end, this book is designed either for studying by oneself or for participating in an academic program.

Japanese English

Language and Culture Contact

The volumes in this series set out to provide a contemporary record of the spread and development of the English language in South, Southeast, and East Asia from both a linguistic and literary perspective. Each volume will reflect themes that cut across national boundaries, including the study of language policies; globalization and linguistic imperialism; English in the media; English in law, government and education; 'hybrid' Englishes; and the bilingual creativity manifested by the vibrant creative writing found in a swathe of Asian societies. This book gives an in-depth analysis of the use of the English language in modern Japan. It explores the many ramifications the Japanese-English language and culture contact situation has for not only Japanese themselves, but also others in the international community. Data for this book has been gathered using anthropological ethnographic fieldwork, augmented by archival sources, written materials, and items from popular culture and the mass media. An interdisciplinary approach, including those of anthropological linguistics, sociolinguistics, cognitive science and symbolic anthropology, is taken in the exploration of the topics here. This book's arguments focus on four major theoretical linguistic and social issues, namely the place of the Japanese-English case in the larger context of 'World Englishes'; the place of the Japanese-English case in a general theory of language and culture contact; how Japanese English informs problems of categorization, meaning construction and cognition; and what it says about the social construction of identity and sense of self, nationalism and race. This book will be of interest to linguists, anthropologists, sociologists, cognitive scientists, and all readers who are interested in language contact, sociolinguistics, English as an international language, and World Englishes. It will also appeal to those who are interested in Japan and popular culture.

use. of. English. as. a. new. rhetoric. in. modern. japanese. women's. language.
Introduction In this chapter1 I will extend ... cultural advantages of using imported
Chinese linguistic resources (such as writing, or the political or economic
vocabulary). ... As I have said in earlier chapters, no Japanese person today
could carry on even the most elementary of conversations without using them;
they exist in a ...