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Biology of Brain Dysfunction

The growth of neurochemistry, molecular biology, and biochemical genetics has led to a burgeoning of new information relevant to the pathogenesis of brain dysfunction. This explosion of exciting new information is crying out for collation and meaningful synthesis. In its totality, it defies systematic summa tion, and, of course, no one author can cope. Thus invitations for contributions were given to various experts in areas which are under active investigation, of current neurological interest, and pregnant. Although this project is relatively comprehensive, by dint of size, other topics might have been included; the selection was solely my responsibility. I believe systematic summation a virtual impossibility-indeed, hardly worth the effort. The attempt to assemble all of the sections involved in a large treatise with multiple authors inevitably results in untoward delays due to the difference in the rate at which various authors work. Therefore, the following strategy has been adopted: multiple small volumes and a relatively flexible format, with publication in order of receipt and as soon as enough chapters are assembled to make publication practical and economical. In this way, the time lag between the ideas and their emergence in print is the shortest.

E. Sveinsdottir, P. Thorlof, J. Risberg, D. H. Ingvar, and N. A. Lassen, Regional
cerebral blood flow in man, in “Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium
on Cerebral Blood Flow,” Symposium European Neurology, S. Karger, Basel, ...

Biological Order and Brain Organization

Selected Works of W.R.Hess

The centennial of his birthday (17 March 1881) prompted the publi cation of the Selected Works of Walter Rudolf Hess. Although English translation of several of his monographs have appeared, none of his orig inal papers has ever been published in the English language. During his sci entific career, Hess made pioneering contributions in the field of hemo dynamics, pyhsiological optics, oculomotor diagnostics, regulation of cir culation, respiration and temperature, and finally on the somatomotor, vis ceral, and emotional functions of the diencephalon. His concepts concern ing organization and order in physiology and his views on the important role of the vegetative nervous system in regulating the activity of the central ner vous system are of great interest to science and medicine and were in many respects far in advance of his time. These concepts continue a line of thought which was upheld by such famous physiologists as Xavier Bichat, Claude Bernard, and Walter B. Cannon. Indeed, Walter Rudolf Hess has become one of the rare figures in the recent history of physiology willing to carry out an integrative analysis of bodily functions and to search for the basic principles of regulation and interaction between regulatory systems. In fact, he anticipated such ideas in biology as feedback control and ser vomechanisms long before these notions evolved in the field of engineering and electronics.

1936 1937 1938 1939 Hess, W.R.: Filmdemonstrationen zur Physiologie des
Zwischenhirns. Verh. Schweiz. Physiol. (Juni) pp. 18–19. Basel: Schwabe Hess,
W.R.: Zentrale Vertretung von Hilfsfunktionen des vegetativen Systems. Schweiz.

Self-Regulation of the Brain and Behavior

With contributions by numerous experts

(From “Central Gating Mechanisms That Regulate EventRelated Potentials and
Behavior” by J.E. Skinner and C.D. Yingling. In J. Desmedt (Ed.), Attention,
Voluntary Contraction and EventRelated Cerebral Potentials. Basel, Karger,
1977.

Drugs and the Developing Brain

The thalidomide tragedy which occurred slightly more than a decade ago made public officials and the general public acutely aware of the teratogenic potential of drugs. Although specialists in pharmacology and developmental biology had been studying this problem many years before, this catastrophic episode triggered the passage of legislation which required that information about the teratogenicity of drugs be produced before the drugs could be available to the general public. Gross deformities in man produced by drugs are frequently difficult to reproduce in experimental animals and the changes which are produced in other animals are frequently not translatable to humans. The problem of evaluating the potential that drugs have to produce gross malformations is small, however, compared to the evaluation of subtle but permanent behavioral effects which drugs may exert upon the developing organism. Nevertheless, many experimental studies in recent years indicate that subtle biochemical changes produced by drugs on brain tissue during critical periods of fetal or early post natal maturation may become manifest subsequently as behavioral deviations in early childhood or adolescence. Hyperkinetic disorders, epilepsies and other developmental disabilities may have a subtle biochemical imbalance, perhaps drug induced, as an underlying factor. This symposium was organized with the intent of bringing to gether prominent investigators who are working in different aspects of brain development and who are interested in the effects of drugs on the developing brain in order to discuss their findings, pro pose new theories, and open new avenues for future research.

S. Karger, Basel, 1971, p. 231. *Kartzinel et al., In: "Influence of Hormones on the
Nervous System", Basel, 1971, p. 296. 3Ford and Rhines, Acta Neurolog.
Scandinav. 45: 529–539, 1969. 4.Ford and Cohan, Acta Anat. 71: 311-319, 1968.

Hormones and Brain Function

The International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology organized its second congress in Budapest between 1 and 3 July, 1971. The sudden death on the 27th of July, 1970, of Professor Max Reiss, the President of the Society, nearly caused a break in the preparation ofthe Congress, but with the invaluable help of Professor Donald H. Ford, Treasurer and Acting President, and Professor Francesca Brambilla, Secretary of the Society, the Organizing Committee surmounted the difficulties. The Organizing Committee of the Congress set out five main topics discussed in five sections by invited lecturers and collective papers by regis tered discussants. Technically, the Congress was organized by the Hungarian Physiological Society in cooperation with the Federation of Hungarian Medical Societies in the building of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Thanks to the generosity of the Medical Section of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences we are able to publish the Pro ceedings of the Congress by the Publishing House of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences jointly with Plenum Press, New York. The Congress was sponsored by the International Society of Psychoneuroendo crinology, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Hungarian Pharmaceutical Industry, the Factory of Electronic Measuring Instruments, the Upjohn Co., Kalamzoo, Michigan and the Wellcome Research Laboratory, Langley Court, Backenhom, Kent, England. On behalf of the Organizing Committee may I ex press our grateful thanks for their generous assistance which, despite many difficulties, made the successful organization of an international congress possible.

REFERENCES CRIGHTON, D. B., WATANABE, S., DHARIw AL, A. P. S. and
MCCANN, S. M. (1968): Proc. Soc. eacp. Biol. (N. Y.) 128, 537. DAviD, M. A.,
FRASCHIN1, F. and MARTINI, L. (1965): Eacperientia (Basel) 21, 483.
FRAsCHINI, F.

Brain Development in Drosophila melanogaster

The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model system to study processes of the central nervous system This book provides an overview of some major facets of recent research on Drosophila brain development.

Robert Lichtneckert Biozentrum University of Basel Basel Switzerland Jonathan
Minden Department of Biological Sciences and Science Carnegie Mellon
University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA Shana Spindler Department of
Molecular, Cell ...

Neurohumoral Coding of Brain Function

It is indeed a pleasure to welcome all of you to this Inter national Symposium on the Neurohumoral coding of Brain Function. Many of you have undertaken a very long trip in order to cross swords with some of the most fascinating issues in all of the neurosciences. Of particular satisfaction in this instance is the geographical representation of the sciences with individuals here from Europe and the Americas - South, Central and North. As we do battle, so to speak, with each of the questions raised during the next several days, we should remember that the problems faced by each of our fields are exceptionally difficult. In a way, this difficulty stems from two related facts: (1) we are trying to construct a conceptual bridgework between one disci pline and another; and (2) the distance between the research fabric of any two of these disciplines is vast. It would probably not be unfair to say that a large number of scientists feel relatively contented in remaining within the bound aries of their own area of specialization. In a sense, that is certainly justifiable today primarily because of the intensity of such specialization. However, the participants of this symposium, who reflect some of the major thrusts in biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology and psychology, have in the main chosen to explore the pathways that cross the interface between mind and body - be tween behavior and brain.

Acknowledgement. We should like to thank Dr. R. O. Studer, Head of the Protein
Research Group (Hoffmann–La Roche AG, Basel) and his co-workers for their
technical assistance in carrying out the amino-acid analyses. We are also very ...

Investigation of Brain Function

During the past fifteen or twenty years there have been remarkable advances in the methods of study of the functions of the brain in a wide range of species including man. As a result there has been a large increase in the factual knowledge of brain function but the interpretation and the application of these new facts has often tended to lag. The chapters in this book are the formal statements of those specialists of various disciplines who took part in a course of lectures and discussions of methods of the investigation of brain function in May 1980. Not only do they usually indicate the present state of knowledge and comprehension of the many functions of the brain of several species, but they also give valuable indications of where future studies might profitably be directed. G. Pampiglione A. W. Wilkinson v CONTENTS Steady State Radioisotopic Assessment of Brain Function . . . . . . . . 1 F. Fazio, C. Fieschi, and G. L. Lenzi Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Function . 9 Bo Larsen Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Regional Cerebral Oxygen Utilisation in Acute Cerebral Ischaemia . . . . . . 27 G. L. Lenzi, C. Fieschi, and F. Fazio The Electroencephalogram of Mental Abilities 35 Duilio Giannitrapani Sensory Processes and the Making of Decisions in Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 R. Cooper Computed EEG Topography: Theory, Implementation and Application . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Richard N. Harner Investigations of Apneic Syndrome during Sleep . . . . . . 103 D. Kurtz Automatic Analysis of Human Sleep EEGs . . . . . . . . . . 123 D. Samson-Dollfus Electrical Milestones in Mammalian Brain Development 139 G.

Bos, K. H. N., Hoofdaker, W. R. H. and Kappers, E. J., (1977), In Sleep 1976, Ed.
Koella, W. P. and Levin, P., Karger, Basel, p. 470-473. Church, M. W., March, J. D.
, HIBI, S., Benson, K., Cavness, C. and Feinberg, I., (1975), Electroenceph. amd ...

Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain

This second, updated edition of Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain provides a comprehensive overview of the field from a neuroradiological point of view. In order to ensure a standardized approach throughout, each disease-oriented chapter is again subdivided into three principal sections: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and therapy; imaging; and differential diagnosis. A separate chapter addresses technical and methodological issues and imaging protocols. An important focus of the book is the current role of advanced MR imaging techniques, such as diffusion and perfusion MRI and MR spectroscopy, in the differentiation of inflammatory and other brain diseases. All of the authors are recognized experts, and the numerous high-quality and informative illustrations include some not contained in the first edition. This book will be of great value not only to neuroradiologists but also to neurologists, neuropediatricians, and general radiologists.

... Germany Thilo Kollmann Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Basel,
Wilhelm Kleinstrasse 27, 4012 Basel, Switzerland Bodo Kress Department
Neuroradiology, Central Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Steinbacher
Hohl ...

Non-Life Insurance Mathematics

The book gives a comprehensive overview of modern non-life actuarial science. It starts with a verbal description (i.e. without using mathematical formulae) of the main actuarial problems to be solved in non-life practice. Then in an extensive second chapter all the mathematical tools needed to solve these problems are dealt with - now in mathematical notation. The rest of the book is devoted to the exact formulation of various problems and their possible solutions. Being a good mixture of practical problems and their actuarial solutions, the book addresses above all two types of readers: firstly students (of mathematics, probability and statistics, informatics, economics) having some mathematical knowledge, and secondly insurance practitioners who remember mathematics only from some distance. Prerequisites are basic calculus and probability theory.

The book gives a comprehensive overview of modern non-life actuarial science.