Program synthesis is a solution to the software crisis. If we had a program that develops correct programs from specifications, then program validation and maintenance would disappear from the software life-cycle, and one could focus on the more creative tasks of specification elaboration, validation, and maintenance, because replay of program development would be less costly. This monograph describes a novel approach to Inductive Logic Programming (ILP), which cross-fertilizes logic programming and machine learning. Aiming at the synthesis of recursive logic programs only, and this from incomplete information, we take a software engineering approach that is more appropriate than a pure artificial intelligence approach. This book is suitable as a secondary text for graduate level courses in software engineering and artificial intelligence, and as a reference for practitioners of program synthesis.
The roots of the project which culminates with the writing of this book can be traced to the work on logic synthesis started in 1979 at the IBM Watson Research Center and at University of California, Berkeley. During the preliminary phases of these projects, the impor tance of logic minimization for the synthesis of area and performance effective circuits clearly emerged. In 1980, Richard Newton stirred our interest by pointing out new heuristic algorithms for two-level logic minimization and the potential for improving upon existing approaches. In the summer of 1981, the authors organized and participated in a seminar on logic manipulation at IBM Research. One of the goals of the seminar was to study the literature on logic minimization and to look at heuristic algorithms from a fundamental and comparative point of view. The fruits of this investigation were surprisingly abundant: it was apparent from an initial implementation of recursive logic minimiza tion (ESPRESSO-I) that, if we merged our new results into a two-level minimization program, an important step forward in automatic logic synthesis could result. ESPRESSO-II was born and an APL implemen tation was created in the summer of 1982. The results of preliminary tests on a fairly large set of industrial examples were good enough to justify the publication of our algorithms. It is hoped that the strength and speed of our minimizer warrant its Italian name, which denotes both express delivery and a specially-brewed black coffee.
The proof (omitted) follows from the fact that each cube of F must be orthogonal to
all the cubes of F. This translates directly into the statement that each row of M is
a column cover of M. 3.6 Simplify We now illustrate the use of the unate recursive
paradigm to construct a heuristic minimization algorithm, SIMPLIFY. Even though
this is not one of the algorithms of ESPRESSO-II, we discuss it for illustrative
purposes, and also because it has proven to be an extremely valuable algorithm
in ...
A Step-by-Step Guide to Planning and Writing a Thesis or Dissertation for Undergraduate and Graduate Science Students Second Edition
This book is a step by step illustrated guide to planning and writing dissertations and theses for undergraduate and graduate science students. Topics covered include advice on writing each section of a thesis as well as general discussions on collecting and organizing references, keeping records, presenting data, interacting with a supervisor and avoiding academic misconduct. Recommendations about how to use word processors and other software packages effectively are included, as well as advice on the use of other resources. A concise summary of important points of English grammar is given, along with appendices listing frequently confused words and wordy phrases to avoid. Further appendices are provided, including one on SI units. The aim is to provide an easy-to-read guide that gives students practical advice about all aspects of writing a science thesis or dissertation, starting from writing a thesis plan and finishing with the viva and corrections to the thesis.
A Step-by-Step Guide to Planning and Writing a Thesis or Dissertation for
Undergraduate and Graduate Science ... 'Strategy' section and 'Summary' section
In some disciplines it is common to start the Results chapter(s) with a section ...
Melalui Thesis, Tan Malaka membatalkan Putusan Prambanan, sebuah rencana pemberontokan PKI (Partai Komunis Indonesia) pada tahun 1926. Di masa itu Tan adalah Ketua Komintern (Komunis Internasional) untuk Wilayah Asia Timur. Menurutnya, kondisi obyektif dan subyektif PKI belum memenuhi syarat untuk suatu aksi revolusi. Tapi, Alimin tidak menyerahkan keputusan pembatalan oleh Tan Malaka kepada Sardjono, Musso, dan kawan-kawan di Singapura. Selepas putch yang gagal total pada 1926, para pemimpin PKI dibuang ke Boven Digul. Tan sendiri memisahkan diri dari PKI lalu bersama Djamaludin Tamim dan Subakat mendirikan PARI (Partai Republik Indonesia) di Bangkok pada 1926. Sejak saat itulah Tan dituduh penghianat dan Trotskys. Dalam buku ini Tan menjabarkan perbedaan pemikiran Trotskys dengan dirinya. Trotskys menyakini revolusi permanen (revolusi global) sebelum dibentuknya pemerintahan diktator proletariat global. Sedangkan Tan Malaka sejalan dengan Stalin bahwa pemerintahan komunis dapat dibentuk di masing-masing negara secara otonom. Namun Tan juga bertentangan dengan Stalin dalam konsep absolutisme Rusia terhadap Komintern.
Melalui Thesis, Tan Malaka membatalkan Putusan Prambanan, sebuah rencana pemberontokan PKI (Partai Komunis Indonesia) pada tahun 1926. Di masa itu Tan adalah Ketua Komintern (Komunis Internasional) untuk Wilayah Asia Timur.
