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Research Methods in Second Language Psycholinguistics

Addressing a rapidly growing interest in second language research, this hands-on text provides students and researchers with the means to understand and use current methods in psycholinguistics. With a focus on the actual methods, designs, and techniques used in psycholinguistics research as they are applied to second language learners, this book offers the practical guidance readers need to determine which method is the best for what they wish to investigate as well as the tools that will enhance their research. Each methods chapter is written by a leading expert who describes, discusses, and comments on how a method is used and what its strengths and limitations are for second language research. These chapters follow a specific format to ensure cohesion and a predictable structure across all chapters. The chapters also inform the novice researcher on such key issues as ease of use, costs, potential pitfalls, and other related matters, each of which impact decisions that researchers make about the paths they take. With the most reliable information available from experienced reseachers, Research Methods in Second Language Psycholinguistics is an essential resource for anyone interested in conducting second language reserach using psycholinguistic methods.

Some researchers study the mental lexicon in monolinguals, or individuals who
speak only one language. Other psycholinguists study bilinguals, or individuals
who speak more than one language. Studying bilinguals allows researchers to ...

The Age Factor in Second Language Acquisition

A Critical Look at the Critical Period Hypothesis

This book takes a hard look at some of the assumptions that are customarily made concerning the role of age in second language acquisition. The evidence and arguments the contributors present run counter to the notion that an early start in second language learning is of itself either absolutely sufficient or necessary for the attainment of native-like mastery of a second language. Another theme of the book is a doubt that there is a particular stage of maturity beyond which language learning is no longer fully possible. In short, the book presents a challenge to those who take it as given that second language learning is inevitably different in its essential nature from language acquisition in the childhood years and that second language knowledge acquired beyond the critical period is in all circumstances and in all respects doomed to fossilize at a non-native-like level.

In 1991 one of the editors of the present volume, Zsolt Lengyel, offered to host an
'expert seminar' on the age factor in second language acquisition for the
European Second Language Association (EUROSLA), and the other of the
present ...

Second Language Learning in the Early School Years: Trends and Contexts - Oxford Applied Linguistics

Provides a much-needed overview of current themes and research on child second language learning.

Chapter 3 reviewed research on the heritage language (HL/L1) learning of
minority language learners. The focus of thischapter is on their majority language
(L2) learning.The term'minority language' learner is used in this chapter(as
opposed ...

The Split IP Parameter in Second Language Learning

The book addresses some important issues in second language acquisition research, such as access to Universal Grammar, the factors that account for success or failure in L2 learning, as well as parameter (re)setting, within the generative framework. The empirical data against which the research hypothesis is tested come from two main studies: a longitudinal one, involving beginner learners, and an experimental one, with elementary and advanced learners; all subjects are adults learning English in a formal instruction setting, with Romanian as L1. Starting from Chomsky’s (2005) account of first language acquisition in terms of three factors, namely genetic endowment, experience and non-linguistic principles, the first chapter of the book explores the question of whether the same three factors may be operating in second language learning. The rest of the book focuses on more specific research issues related to access to Universal Grammar and parameter (re)setting. Since L1 acquisition is defined mainly as the process of parameter setting on the basis of the input, parameter setting is expected to be at the core of L2 learning as well. However, in the literature, it has often been argued that one of the most important differences between L1 and L2 acquisition is related precisely to this process. The parameter which the book focuses on is the split IP parameter (Bobaljik and Thráinsson, 1998), in the case of Romanian L1 learners of English as L2. Romanian is (+ split IP) while English is (- split IP). In this case, the learners would need to move from the positive (+) value of the parameter to the negative (-) one, i.e. from a wider set of property values to a more restrictive one. There are three possible scenarios: (i) the L2 learners set the negative (-) value from the target language from the very beginning, on the basis of input alone; (ii) the learners first transfer the positive (+) value from their L1 and reset this value to the L2 negative (-) one as they progress in acquiring the L2; the final state is L2-like; (iii) the learners first transfer the positive (+) value from their L1 but resetting is impossible; the L2 underlying representations are different from those of native speakers even with advanced speakers, and what may account for final L2 state is parameter learning. These scenarios are explored with the help of the data provided by longitudinal and experimental studies.

This chapter explores the role of several factors which underlie instructed1
second language learning. One such factor which has been the focus of much
research in the generative tradition is Universal Grammar (UG). This is based on
the ...

The Intersection of Library Learning and Second-Language Learning

Theory and Practice

Language learning and library learning in a university setting are closely related endeavors that intersect at various times and locations, and with various teachers and learners. This book is an examination of how these intersections are experienced by language learners. Its aim is to explore the two types of learning to help sustain and develop the learning in both areas. The Intersection of Library Learning and Second-Language Learning: Theory and Practice is aimed at practitioners, both librarians and language instructors, and describes everyday scenarios which will resonate with academic librarians and language instructors. It presents practical experiences and accompanies them with a consideration of the literature of both librarianship and language education. It reviews and evaluates professional practices employed by working librarians and language instructors in their dealings with international students. Considerations of the intersections between language learning and library learning are placed within a theoretical framework of learner autonomy. This framework offers librarians and language instructors methods and practices that enable students to take control of their learning in the areas of both language learning and library learning. A concluding chapter offers ways to connect the framework of learner autonomy to settings outside that of a university context.

Language learning, in contrast to library learning, is a widely accepted term in the
theory and practice of language education. It invokes a complete array of differing
conceptions as to its meaning. In fact, the question, what is language learning, ...

Social Dynamics in Second Language Accent

This volume offers a definitive source for understanding social influences in L2 pronunciation, demonstrating the importance of empirical findings from a number of research perspectives, and outlining the directions that future work can take. The aim is to present a coherent argument for the significance of social factors and how they contribute to phonological acquisition.

3.1 Introduction This chapter focuses on developmental sequences in second
language (L2) phonological acquisition and the constraints that impact these
sequences. Up to now, research that examines developmental sequences in L2 ...

Telicity in the Second Language

Annotation Slabakova (U. of Iowa) examines the second language acquisition of English telicity marking by native speakers of Bulgarian. Particular attention is paid to subtle differences between English and Slavic telic and atelic sentences. Slabakova contends that Vendler's lexical classes of verbs can be represented in four phrase structure templates, where lexical properties of the verb and of the object compositionally determine telicity. The text is a revised version of the author's Ph.D. thesis (1997, McGill U.) Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

... attempt to demonstrate, comparing Slavic and English aspectuality, that the
subtle differences in aspectual interpretation that I am about to describe are due
to the different structural positions of aspectual morphemes in the two languages.

Classroom-Based Evaluation in Second Language Education

Classroom-based Evaluation in Second Language Education has been written to help foreign and second language educators in planning and carrying out effective and comprehensive evaluations in their classrooms. The book emphasizes the value of classroom-based assessment as a tool for improving both teaching and learning. The presentation is non-technical and does not require a specialized background in psychometrics, statistics, or research. The suggested assessment procedures are useful for a broad range of proficiency levels, teaching situations, and instructional approaches. Preview questions and follow-up activities assist the reader in applying the material discussed in each chapter.

A common view of the nature of language teaching and the work of second
language teachers is that the primary concerns of language teachers lie with the
process of instruction itself, that is, with helping learners acquire the language
skills ...

The Study of Second Language Acquisition in the Asian Context

This book will be of special interest to English teachers and those in professional development in the region and/or who have classrooms with Asian learners. Paradigms appear to be shifting in Asian L2 learning in a region providing huge growth in English education. This will have an important bearing on the profession, including researchers, worldwide

Nationality & Language Learning Strategies of ELT-Major University Mustafa
Zulkuf Altan Introduction In the last two decades, researchers and teachers have
shown a great interest in determining what differs successful from less successful
 ...

Theories in Second Language Acquisition

An Introduction

The second edition of Theories in Second Language Acquisition seeks to build on the strengths of the first edition by surveying the major theories currently used in second language acquisition research. This volume is an ideal introductory text for undergraduate and graduate students in SLA and language teaching. Each chapter focuses on a single theory, written by a leading scholar in the field in an easy-to-follow style – a basic foundational description of the theory, relevant data or research models used with this theory, common misunderstandings, and a sample study from the field to show the theory in practice. This text is designed to provide a consistent and coherent presentation for those new to the field who seek basic understanding of theories that underlie contemporary SLA research. Researchers will also find the book useful as a "quick guide" to theoretical work outside their respective domains.

As a field, Second Language Acquisition (SLA) is vibrant. It began in the late
1960s, with key initial developments during the decade of the 1970s. Most
scholars agree that the coming of age as an autonomous discipline happened
some time ...