This volume deals with core issues in figurative language and figurative thought. It also explores areas of convergence between idealised cognitive models and language across fourteen European and non-European languages (Croatian, English, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Persian, Polish, Russian, Old Saxon, Sicilian, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish). The collection foregrounds the relationship that holds between literalness and figurativeness in meaning construction, it emphasises the role of conceptual metonymy and metaphor as the main cognitive tools at work in inferential activity and as generators of discourse ties, and it also depicts the import of cognitive models in the production and interpretation of multimodal communication. In addition, a number of more specific topics are addressed from different perspectives, such as language variation and cultural models, the argumentative role of metaphor in discourse and the role of empirical work in cognitive linguistics.
This volume deals with core issues in figurative language and figurative thought.
A collection of 130 contributions covering a wide range of topics of interest to historical, theoretical and applied linguists alike. A major theme of this text is the development of English which is examined on several levels in the light of recent linguistic theory. The geographical dimension is also treated extensively, with papers on controversial aspects of variety studies, as are topical linguistic matters from a more general perspective.
A major theme of this text is the development of English which is examined on several levels in the light of recent linguistic theory.
Everyone learns differently. Some may find reading useful, but some may find discussing with others help them retain information more effectively. Various approaches have been used by Unified Modeling Language (UML) instructors all over the world to assist students in learning the UML. The normal face-to-face meeting in a classroom for a typical 14-week semester at undergraduate level seems to be insufficient for students to master the subject, as well as to equip them with the knowledge that they can apply after graduating. The objective the work presented in this book is to combine various approaches of teaching and learning UML which is adaptable to individual s learning style and knowledge level.
The objective the work presented in this book is to combine various approaches of teaching and learning UML which is adaptable to individual s learning style and knowledge level.
This book explains in detail how to define requirements modelling languages – formal languages used to solve requirement-related problems in requirements engineering. It moves from simple languages to more complicated ones and uses these languages to illustrate a discussion of major topics in requirements modelling language design. The book positions requirements problem solving within the framework of broader research on ill-structured problem solving in artificial intelligence and engineering in general. Further, it introduces the reader to many complicated issues in requirements modelling language design, starting from trivial questions and the definition of corresponding simple languages used to answer them, and progressing to increasingly complex issues and languages. In this way the reader is led step by step (and with the help of illustrations) to learn about the many challenges involved in designing modelling languages for requirements engineering. The book offers the first comprehensive treatment of a major challenge in requirements engineering and business analysis, namely, how to design and define requirements modelling languages. It is intended for researchers and graduate students interested in advanced topics of requirements engineering and formal language design.
This book explains in detail how to define requirements modelling languages – formal languages used to solve requirement-related problems in requirements engineering.
Designed as a text for undergraduate students (B.Tech./B.E.) of Computer Science and Engineering and IT, Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics Engineering, and postgraduate students (M.Tech./M.E., M.Sc.) of Computer Science and Engineering and IT and Industrial Engineering, as well as for Bachelor and Master of Computer Applications (BCA/MCA), this well-organized book gives an in-depth analysis of the concepts of system simulation modelling and simulation languages. The book provides detailed discussions on the fundamental and advanced concepts of simulation. The book begins with the concept of system and the different terminologies associated with the system. Then it presents the different methods of random number generation and their tests. Besides, the text dwells on different probability distributions and their random variates, which are used in the simulation model, and describes various simulation languages such as GPSS, Simula I, SIMSCRIPT, CSL, GASP, OPS-3, DYNAMO, SIMAN and SLAM II. Further, it gives a comprehensive coverage of different queueing systems with illustrative examples as well as the logics of simulation model for both single-server and parallel-server queueing systems. The concluding chapters deal extensively with GPSS language, Arena simulation software and ProModel simulation software. Key Features • Follows a step-by-step approach to derive the test results. • Gives a large number of solved examples and well-designed chapter-end questions. • Includes several real-life Case Studies to illustrate the concepts discussed.
In Chapter 7, the logic of simulating different real-life situations using high-level
languages has been presented. If one closely examines different segments of
those flow charts, it will be clear that there exist some standard modules such as
customer arrival time module, service completion time module, adding customers
into queue module, end of simulation module, etc. If such modules are made into
different blocks/subroutines which can be invoked at appropriate point in the
main ...
Advanced System Modelling and Simulation with Block Diagram Languages explores and describes the use of block languages in dynamic modelling and simulation. The application of block diagrams to dynamic modelling is reviewed, not only in terms of known components and systems, but also in terms of the development of new systems. Methods by which block diagrams clarify the dynamic essence of systems and their components are emphasized throughout the book, and sufficient introductory material is included to elucidate the book's advanced material. Widely used continuous dynamic system simulation (CDSS) languages are analyzed, and their technical features are discussed. This self-contained resource includes a review section on block diagram algebra and applied transfer functions, both of which are important mathematical subjects, relevant to the understanding of continuous dynamic system simulation.
3.9 VisSim General Description VisSim is an advanced, easy to use, object-
oriented general purpose simulation language, originally designed for use with
MS Windows. As we pointed out before (Karayanakis, 1993), a tactical advantage
of VisSim (and other similar languages) emerges from its creation as a PC-based
product rather than as a conversion from mainframe software. In this context,
VisSim is a cutting-edge, powerful block diagram language with an outstanding
schematic ...
Model Driven software development has been considered to be a further software construction technology following object-oriented software development methods and with the potential to bring new breakthroughs in the research of software development. With deepening research, a growing number of Model Driven software development methods have been proposed. The model is now widely used in all aspects of software development. One key element determining progress in Model Driven software development research is how to better express and describe the models required for various software components. From a study of current Model Driven development technologies and methods, Domain-Specific Modelling is suggested in the thesis as a Model Driven method to better realise the potential of Model-Driven Software Development. Domain-specific modelling methods can be successfully applied to actual software development projects, which need a flexible and easy to extend, meta-modelling language to provide support. There is a particular requirement for modelling languages based on domain-specific modelling methods in Meta-modelling as most general modelling languages are not suitable. The thesis focuses on implementation of domain-specific modelling methods. The "domain" is stressed as a keystone of software design and development and this is what most differentiates the approach from general software development process and methods. Concerning the design of meta-modelling languages, the meta-modelling language based on XML is defined including its abstract syntax, concrete syntax and semantics. It can support description and construction of the domain meta-model and the domain application model. It can effectively realise visual descriptions, domain objects descriptions, relationships descriptions and rules relationships of domain model. In the area of supporting tools, a meta-meta model is given. The meta-meta model provides a group of general basic component meta-model elements together with the relationships between elements for the construction of the domain meta-model. It can support multi-view, multi-level description of the domain model. Developers or domain experts can complete the design and construction of the domain-specific meta-model and the domain application model in the integrated modelling environment. The thesis has laid the foundation necessary for research in descriptive languages through further study in key technologies of meta-modelling languages based on Model Driven development.
The "domain" is stressed as a keystone of software design and development and this is what most differentiates the approach from general software development process and methods.
