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CONDITIONS GEOLOGIQUES ET GEOCHIMIQUES DE FORMATION DES GISEMENTS D'HYDROCARBURES DANS LES BASSINS SAHARIENS

L'OBJECTIF PRINCIPAL DE CE TRAVAIL BASE SUR UNE MODELISATION EXPERIMENTALE ET NUMERIQUE, EST D'EVALUER LES TRAITS GENERAUX DE LA FORMATION DES GISEMENTS D'HYDROCARBURES (HC) DANS LES BASSINS SAHARIENS. LES PIEGES NON STRUCTURAUX MIS EN EVIDENCE SONT LIES AUX VARIATIONS DES FACIES (LITHOLOGIQUES) OU AUX BISEAUTAGES ET DISCORDANCES ANGULAIRES (STRATIGRAPHIQUES), A LA COMPACTION DIFFERENTIELLE DES SEDIMENTS ARGILO-GRESEUX, A LEURS PARTICULARITES MORPHOLOGIQUES ANTE-DEPOT, AUX TRANSFORMATIONS DIAGENETIQUES ET AUX ERUPTIONS VOLCANIQUES. LA COMPACTION CHIMIQUE EST DUE PRINCIPALEMENT A LA SILIFICATION ET A LA CARBONATATION DES RESERVOIRS. LA SOURCE DE LA SILICE EST VARIEE: PRECIPITATION A PARTIR DES EAUX SOUTERRAINES, DESTRUCTION DES FELDSPATHS, TRANSFORMATION DES ARGILES ET DISSOLUTION DU QUARTZ SOUS PRESSION. CERTAINS GRES ETUDIES ONT AGI COMME IMPORTATEURS DE SILICE AUX STADES PRECOCES DE LA DIAGENESE ET COMME EXPORTATEURS DE SILICE AUX STADES TARDIFS DE CELLE-CI. LA DECOMPACTION DES RESERVOIRS EST CONDITIONNEE PAR LA DECARBOXYLATION DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE DANS LES ROCHES-MERES ARGILEUSES PRODUIT DE L'ACIDE CARBONIQUE ET DES ACIDES ORGANIQUES ALIPHATIQUES A COURTE CHAINE. LA DISSOLUTION ET LE TRANSFERT DU CIMENT CARBONATE ET SILICATE DES GRES PAR LES ACIDES ORGANIQUES SONT BEAUCOUP PLUS EFFICACES COMPARES A CEUX PRODUITS PAR L'ACIDE CARBONIQUE CAR ILS CORRESPONDENT A UN REGIME CINETIQUE ET STOCHIOMETRIQUE PLUS AVANTAGEUX. IL RESULTE QU'A LA SUITE DE L'ACTION DES ACIDES, UN GRAND VOLUME DE CARBONATES DISSOUS DANS LA SOLUTION SE DEPLACE EN HAUT ET PRECIPITE DANS DES GRES SUPERIEURS SEMI-MATURES OU IMMATURES. LA SIMULATION CHIMIQUE ET CINETIQUE ETABLIE ET APPLIQUEE SUR LES BASSINS PETROLIFERES PERMET DE RECONSTITUER L'HISTOIRE DE L'ENFOUISSEMENT, LA VARIATION DU REGIME THERMIQUE DES SERIES SEDIMENTAIRES, LA GENERATION ET LA MIGRATION DES HC POUR CHAQUE HORIZON PETROLIFERE. L'INNOVATION ET LE PERFECTIONNEMENT QU'APPORTE NOTRE SIMULATION PAR RAPPORT A D'AUTRES MODELES CONNUS, EST L'INTEGRATION DE LA MATURATION DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE PENDANT L'ENFOUISSEMENT. LA CORRELATION DES REGIMES THERMIQUES ETABLIS A PARTIR DE LA DIAGENESE TANT ORGANIQUE QUE MINERALE PERMET DE PROPOSER DES ESTIMATIONS DE LA TEMPERATURE SUR LA BASE DES PARTICULARITES CRISTALLINES DES MINERAUX ARGILEUX

L'OBJECTIF PRINCIPAL DE CE TRAVAIL BASE SUR UNE MODELISATION EXPERIMENTALE ET NUMERIQUE, EST D'EVALUER LES TRAITS GENERAUX DE LA FORMATION DES GISEMENTS D'HYDROCARBURES (HC) DANS LES BASSINS SAHARIENS.

Basin Analysis and Modeling of the Burial, Thermal and Maturation Histories in Sedimentary Basins

This book is devoted to the field of basin analysis, and in particular to the one- and two-dimensional modeling of the burial, thermal and maturation histories of sedimentary basins, in the context of evaluating their hydrocarbon potential. New contributions to basin modeling are elaborated in this work and applied to continental basins worldwide, including East European basins (DnieperDonets, Volga-Ural, South Barents), West Siberian basin, North African basins, basins of passive continental margins in South America, Australian Antarctica and back-arc basins in the Philippine and Bering seas. Particular attention is paid to specific features of basin evolution, including the compaction of sediments deposited at a variable rate, erosion of sedimentary strata and basement, intrusive and hydrothermal activity, thermal and tectonic activation, reactivation of the basement, effect of climate variations on temperature, heat flow distributions in basins, and contribution of these processes in the history of organic matter maturation and realization of basin's hydrocarbon potential. Alternative methods for calculation of the basin's tectonic subsidence are applied to refine the sequence of tectonic and thermal events in the history of the modeled sedimentary basin. Specific features of thermal regime formation in the sedimentary basins of high latitudes are considered in detail including analysis of formation and degradation of permafrost and gas hydrates zones. A new approach is applied in the fitting procedure for determining the kinetic reaction parameters for hydrocarbon generation, applying algorithms with a variable frequency factor and integrating the geological stage of organic matter maturation in order to better estimate hydrocarbon output.

This book is devoted to the field of basin analysis, and in particular to the one- and two-dimensional modeling of the burial, thermal and maturation histories of sedimentary basins, in the context of evaluating their hydrocarbon potential.

The Formation of Hydrocarbon Deposits in the North African Basins

Geological and Geochemical Conditions

This book reveals the main trends of the formation of petroleum pools in major parts of North African basins. It deals with the regional geology of this important oil- and gas-producing area. Emphasis is laid on paleoenvironmental and provenance reconstructions, trap formation, diagenesis, compaction-decompaction equilibria in petroleum-bearing reservoirs and related fluid geodynamics and oil and gas generation and entrapment. Organic and mineral interaction is shown to be the main process in enhancing reservoir entrapment and filtration properties. This involves a close association of the source and trap formations in time and space. The computer program for basin modeling simulates the burial and thermal histories and petroleum potential in sedimentary basins. Several new concepts and alternative methods are proposed in petroleum geology.

This book reveals the main trends of the formation of petroleum pools in major parts of North African basins.