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Tersedia di Pustaka Kubang Putih - UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi
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This volume was conceived as a "best practices" resource for teachers of ESL listening courses in the way that Vocabulary Myths by Keith S. Folse (and Writing Myths by Joy Reid) is one for reading and vocabulary teachers. It was written to help ensure that teachers of listening are not perpetuating the myths of teaching listening. Both the research and pedagogy in this book are based on the newest research in the field of second language acquisition. Steven Brown is the author of the Active Listening textbook series and is a teacher trainer. The myths debunked in this book are: § Listening is the same as reading. § Listening is passive. § Listening equals comprehension. § Because L1 language ability is effortlessly acquired, L2 listening ability is too. § Listening means listening to conversations. § Listening is an individual, inside-the-head process. § Students should only listen to authentic materials. § Listening can’t be taught.
This volume was conceived as a "best practices" resource for teachers of ESL listening courses. It was written to help ensure that teachers of listening are not perpetuating the myths of teaching listening.
This examination of lobbying communities explores how interest group populations are constructed and how they influence politics and public policy. By examining how populations of interest groups are comprised, this work fills an important gap between existing theories of the origins of individual interest groups and studies of interest group influence. The population ecology model of interest communities developed here builds on insights first developed in population biology and later employed by organizational ecologists. The model's central premise is that it is the environmental forces confronting interest organizations that most directly shape the contours of interest populations. After examining the demography of interest organizations in the fifty American states, the population ecology model is used to account for variations in the density and diversity of their interest communities, the nature of competition among similar interest organizations to establish viable niches, and the impact of alternative configurations of interest communities on the legislative process and the policies it produces. These empirical findings suggest that the environment of interest communities is highly constraining, limiting their size, composition, and potential impact on politics. Virginia Gray is Professor of Political Science, University of Minnesota. David Lowery is Burton Craige Professor of Political Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
For the most part, however, this literature has been descriptive, with scholars
contending over whether balkanization provides an accurate description of
interest organization communities. Given the importance accorded to how we
answer this question, it is surprising that much less attention has been devoted to
explaining why and under what conditions balkanization can be sustained. The
best explanation we have is niche theory. J. Q. Wilson (1973, 263), although not
employing the ...
Testing Your Grammar provides the most comprehensive review of the grammatical structures of English and is excellent practice for students taking English language proficiency exams. Testing Your Grammar covers all of the major aspects of English grammar -- count and non-count nouns, agreements, verb tense, modals, comparisons, complex cause structures -- that ESL students need to manage in order to improve their English. With all units enlarged or significantly modified, the new and improved edition of Testing Your Grammar features reworked grammatical explanations and more example sentences so grammar points are easier to understand. Other features of the new edition: Explanations have been added to the answer key A review test is found at the end of every two units At the end of the book are four examinations that can be used for either pre-testing or post-testing
Testing Your Grammar provides the most comprehensive review of the grammatical structures of English and is excellent practice for students taking English language proficiency exams.
For many teachers of English language learners, the field of assessment is foreign territory. Assessment has its own culture, traditions, and terminology. This training guide is intended to help classroom teachers become more comfortable creating and using assessments. A Practical Guide to Assessing English Language Learners provides helpful insights into the practice and terminology of assessment. The text focuses on providing the cornerstones of good assessments—usefulness, validity, reliability, practicality, washback, authenticity, transparency, and security—and techniques for testing. It devotes a chapter to the assessment of each of the four main skill areas (reading, writing, listening, and speaking), and also covers placement testing, such as using TOEFL® and MELAB, diagnostic testing, evaluation, and instructional decision-making with regard to testing. Tips to improve students’ test-taking strategies are offered, and each chapter ends with a helpful list of Ten Things to Remember, as well as informative case studies featuring two teachers and their assessment decisions. Incorporating its own principles, A Practical Guide to Assessing English Language Learners opens with a short quiz for the reader called Are You Testwise? that quickly determines how each teacher will benefit from this indispensable guide.
Incorporating its own principles, A Practical Guide to Assessing English Language Learners opens with a short quiz for the reader called Are You Testwise? that quickly determines how each teacher will benefit from this indispensable guide.
