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Second Language Writing Systems

Second Language Writing Systems looks at how people learn and use a second language writing system, arguing that they are affected by characteristics of the first and second writing systems, to a certain extent independently of the languages involved. This book for the first time presents the effects of writing systems on second language reading and writing and on second language awareness, and provides a new platform for discussing bilingualism, biliteracy and writing systems.

VIVIAN COOK Since the decline of audiolingualism as a teaching method, there
has been little public debate about the respective roles of spoken language and
written language in language teaching or about how to teach the writing system ...

Improving Testing For English Language Learners

More than any book to date, this one provides a comprehensive approach to designing, building, implementing and interpreting test results that validly measure the academic achievement of English language learners. It scaffolds the entire process of test development and implementation and discusses essential intervention points. The book provides the type of evidence-based guidance called for in federal mandates such as the NCLB legislation. Key features of this important new book include the following... Comprehensive – This book recommends methods for properly including ELLs throughout the entire test development process, addressing all essential steps from planning, item writing and reviews to analyses and reporting. Breadth and Depth of Coverage– Coverage includes discussion of the key issues, explanations and detailed instructions at each intervention point. Research Focus – All chapters include an extensive review of current research. Emerging Trends – The chapters summarize guidance appropriate for innovative computer-based assessments of the future as well as the paper-and-pencil tests of today. This book is appropriate for anyone concerned with the development and implementation of fair and accurate testing programs for English language learners. This includes university based researchers, testing personel at the federal, state and local levels, teachers interested in better assessing their diverse student populations and those involved in the testing industry. It is also appropriate for instructors teaching undergraduate and graduate courses devoted to testing the full range of students in todays schools.

Second, they tie the quality of written discourse, value, or experience to the
quality of content knowledge or skills. Beyondthe assumed sophistication of
writing skills orcultural nuance is the tendency for rubric developers to restrict the
types of ...

Retina

Unequalled in scope, depth, and clinical precision, Retina, 5th Edition keeps you at the forefront of today’s new technologies, surgical approaches, and diagnostic and therapeutic options for retinal diseases and disorders. Comprehensively updated to reflect everything you need to know regarding retinal diagnosis, treatment, development, structure, function, and pathophysiology, this monumental ophthalmology reference work equips you with expert answers to virtually any question you may face in practice. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader with intuitive search tools and adjustable font sizes. Elsevier eBooks provide instant portable access to your entire library, no matter what device you're using or where you're located. Examine and evaluate the newest diagnostic technologies and approaches that are changing the management of retinal disease, including future technologies which will soon become the standard. Put the very latest scientific and genetic discoveries, diagnostic imaging methods, drug therapies, treatment recommendations, and surgical techniques to work in your practice. Benefit from the extensive knowledge and experience of esteemed editor Dr. Stephen Ryan, five expert co-editors, and a truly global perspective from 358 other world authorities across Europe, Asia, Australasia, and the Americas. Make the best use of new technologies with expanded and updated coverage of optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus imaging, and autofluorescence imaging. Apply the latest knowledge on anti-VEGF therapy for age related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and vein disease. Learn about artificial vision, drug delivery to the posterior segment, advances in macular surgery, vitrectomy, and complex retinal detachment, with updates on tumors, retinal genetics, cell biology, important basic science topics, and much more. Get the most out of new pharmacologic approaches in the management of age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. In your practice, diagnostic evaluations, and now even treatments, will be influenced by recent scientific discoveries such as in the areas of nanotechnology, neuro protection, stem cells and gene therapy, among other scientific contributions. View videos of surgical procedures and access the complete contents of Retina, 5th Edition online at www.expertconsult.com, fully searchable, with regular updates and a downloadable image gallery.

Liu G, Men P, Harris PL, et al. Nanoparticle iron chelators: a new therapeutic
approach in Alzheimer disease and other neurologic disorders associated with
trace metal imbalance. Neurosci Lett 2006;406:189–93. Hahn P, Milam AH,
Dunaief ...

For his ka

essays offered in memory of Klaus Baer

This volume was dedicated to the memory of Klaus Baer, Professor in the Oriental Institute for over twenty years. The contributors are colleagues and/or students of Professor Baer, and their articles reflect Professor Baer's contributions to a variety of fields. Contents: Pronominal Rhematization (J. P. Allen); Abydos in the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period, Part II (E. Brovarski); A Model for the Political Structure of Ancient Egypt (E. Cruz-Uribe); The Giza Mastaba Niche and Full Frontal Figure of Redi-nes in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (P. Der Manuelian); Ankhtifi and the Description of His Tomb at Mo'alla (E. Doret); Oriental Institute Ostracon 25346 (Ostracon Wilson 100) (J. L. Foster); The Hieratic Wooden Tablet Varille (R. Jasnow); 'Annuity Contracts' and Marriage (J. H. Johnson); Honorific Figures of Amenhotep III in the Luxor Temple Colonnade Hall (W. R. Johnson); Speculations Concerning Interconnections Between the Royal Policy and Reputation of Ramesses IV (C. A. Keller); Joseph Smith and Egyptology: An Early Episode in the History of American Speculation About Ancient Egypt, 1835-1844 (J. A. Larson); Some Remarks on the "Books of the Dead" Composed for the High Priests Pinedjem I and II (L. H. Lesko); Too Many High Priests? Once Again the Ptahmoses of Ancient Memphis (W. J. Murnane); The Gaming Episode in the "Tale of Setne Khamwas" as Religious Metaphor (P. A. Piccione); Denderite Temple Hierarchy and the Family of Theban High Priest Nebwenenef: Block Statue OIM 10729 (R. K. Ritner); The Practical Economics of Tomb-Building in the Old Kingdom: A Visit to the Necropolis in a Carrying Chair (A. M. Roth); The First Dynasty Egyptian Presence at 'En Besor in the Sinai (A. R. Schulman); The Title WR BZT in the Tomb Chapel of K..(J)-PW-R' (D. P. Silverman); Bronze Votive Offering Tables (E. Teeter); A Stela from Toulouse Re-examined (C. C. Van Siclen III); Security and the Problem of the City in the Naqada Period (B. B. Williams); The Egyptological Papers of Klaus Baer in the Oriental Institute Museum Archives (T. G. Wilfong).

... bibliography '1632-33 Dynasty XX— P. Harris I "Origin of Papyrus Harris I":
translation of 18.12-19.2 in LRL '1639 "P. Harris I (Summary): Thebes 3/1-23/6" '
1641 "P. Harris I (Summary): Historical Section (75/1-79/12)" '1643 "Comparison
of ...

Geology of U.S. Parklands

A fascinating and accessible introduction to the principles of physical and historical geology. For the millions who visit them each year, U.S. national parklands offer a glittering spectacle of natural wonders. But beyond the spectacular scenery, these national treasures have a much bigger, more awe–inspiring tale to tell––a sprawling story of upheaval and transformation, involving forces and time–spans almost beyond imagining. The purpose of this book is to provide you with the knowledge you need to read and interpret that story, and to make visits to the parklands even more special. Requiring no prior familiarity with the geological sciences, this region–by–region exploration of the U.S. parklands teaches the principles of physical and historical geology by example. It begins with a general introduction to all important concepts, terms, and principles. In the chapters that follow, the authors take you on a tour through the geological regions of the United States. Beginning with Hawaii and the Pacific borderlands and moving progressively eastward to the Appalachian Mountains and the coastal plains of the East Coast, they provide you with a geologist′s–eye view of the landforms, mountains, and bodies of water encountered in over 70 national parks and monuments, and tell the fascinating story of their evolution. Lavishly illustrated with nearly 300 stunning photographs and maps and featuring greatly expanded coverage of the geological story, history, and culture of U.S. parks and monuments, this new edition of Dr. David Harris′s classic text is an ideal introduction to the principles of geology for students and nature enthusiasts alike.

1383-C, 26 p. Harris, S.L., 1988, Fire mountains of the west; the Cascades and
Mono Lake volcanoes: Mountain Press, Missoula, Montana, 379 p. Kiver, E.P.,
1982, The Cascade volcanoes — comparison of geologic and historic records, ...

Performance Testing, Cognition and Assessment

Selected Papers from the 15th Language Research Testing Colloquium, Cambridge and Arnhem

This publication contains a selection of research papers presented at the 15th Annual Language Testing Research Colloquium.This publication contains a selection of research papers presented at the 15th Annual Language Testing Research Colloquium (LTRC). The Colloquium was jointly hosted by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) in Cambridge and CITO in Arnhem in the Netherlands. At the Cambridge venue, the papers were presented on the theme of performance testing and at Arnhem, they covered aspects of communication in relation to cognition and assessment. A selection of papers has been made in order to achieve a balanced coverage of these themes. In particular, the research presented includes work on speaking and writing tests where the focus is on raters and tasks; the application of various statistical methods in language test validation; and issues related to language testing in specific contexts and with particular candidate groups.

Yasmeen Lukmani Research Centre for English and Applied Linguistics,
University of Cambridge/University of Bombay Introduction A question that
interests all educationists is the identification of factors which lead to academic
success.

Improving Testing For English Language Learners

More than any book to date, this one provides a comprehensive approach to designing, building, implementing and interpreting test results that validly measure the academic achievement of English language learners. It scaffolds the entire process of test development and implementation and discusses essential intervention points. The book provides the type of evidence-based guidance called for in federal mandates such as the NCLB legislation. Key features of this important new book include the following... Comprehensive – This book recommends methods for properly including ELLs throughout the entire test development process, addressing all essential steps from planning, item writing and reviews to analyses and reporting. Breadth and Depth of Coverage– Coverage includes discussion of the key issues, explanations and detailed instructions at each intervention point. Research Focus – All chapters include an extensive review of current research. Emerging Trends – The chapters summarize guidance appropriate for innovative computer-based assessments of the future as well as the paper-and-pencil tests of today. This book is appropriate for anyone concerned with the development and implementation of fair and accurate testing programs for English language learners. This includes university based researchers, testing personel at the federal, state and local levels, teachers interested in better assessing their diverse student populations and those involved in the testing industry. It is also appropriate for instructors teaching undergraduate and graduate courses devoted to testing the full range of students in todays schools.

Underlying the limitations cited above is the fact that learning English as a
second language (ESL) is often confused with learning English as a foreign
language (EFL). Of course, there are obvious parallels between these ways of
learning ...

Issues in Testing Business English

The Revision of the Cambridge Business English Certificates

Demand is steadily growing for language tests with a specialized focus which will suit the needs of key professional domains as diverse as business, law, the airline industry, and teacher education. This book explores the testing of language for sepcific purposes (LSP) from a theoretical and a practical perspective, with a particular focus on the testing of English for business purposes. A range of tests - both past and present - is reviewed, and the development of business English testing at Cambridge ESOL is discussed. The description of the revision of the Business English Certificates (BEC) forms a major part of the book and offers a unique insight into an approach to large-scale ESP test development and revision.

This book explores the testing of language for sepcific purposes (LSP) from a theoretical and a practical perspective, with a particular focus on the testing of English for business purposes.

Testing English-Language Learners in U.S. Schools:

Report and Workshop Summary

The Committee on Educational Excellence and Testing Equity was created under the auspices of the National Research Council (NRC), and specifically under the oversight of the Board on Testing and Assessment (BOTA). The committee's charge is to explore the challenges that face U.S. schools as they work to achieve the related goals of academic excellence and equity for all students. This report provides not only the summary of a workshop held by the forum on the testing of English-language learners (students learning English as an additional language) in U.S. schools, but also a report on the committee's conclusions derived from that workshop and from subsequent deliberations.

Disentangling students' progress in English from their academic performance in
other areas is difficult because oral and ... reclassification as proficient in English
and removal from bilingual or English as a Second Language (ESL) programs.