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The Working Man's Reward

Chicago's Early Suburbs and the Roots of American Sprawl

Between the 1860s and 1920s, Chicago's working-class immigrants designed the American dream of home-ownership. They imagined homes as small businesses, homes that were simultaneously a consumer-oriented respite from work and a productive space that workers hoped to control. Leapfrogging out of town along with Chicago's assembly-line factories, Chicago's early suburbs were remarkably diverse. These suburbs were marketed with the elusive promise that homeownership might offer some bulwark against the vicissitudes of industrial capitalism, that homes might be "better than a bank for a poor man," in the words of one evocative advertisement, and "the working man's reward." This promise evolved into what Lewinnek terms "the mortgages of whiteness:" the hope that property values might increase if that property could be kept white. Suburbs also developed through nineteenth-century notions of the gendered respectability of domesticity, early ideas about city planning and land economics, as well as an evolving twentieth-century discourse about the racial attributes of property values. Because Chicago presented itself as a paradigmatic American city and because numerous Chicago-based experts eventually instituted national real-estate programs, Chicago's early growth affected the growth of twentieth-century America. Framed by two working-class riots against suburbanization in 1872 and 1919, spurred from both above and below, this work shows how Chicagoans helped form America's urban sprawl and examines the roots of America's suburbanization, synthesizing the new suburban history into the diversity of America's suburbs.

Framed by two working-class riots against suburbanization in 1872 and 1919, spurred from both above and below, this work shows how Chicagoans helped form America's urban sprawl and examines the roots of America's suburbanization, ...

Custom Version of Understanding Human Communication

For Highline Community College

J. D. Rothwell, In Mixed Company: Small Croup Communication, 4th ed. (Fort
Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace, 2001), pp. 227-228. 24. Aristotle, Politics (New York:
Oxford University Press, 1958), Book 7. 25. For a discussion of situational
theories, see G. L. Wilson, Groups in Context, 6th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill,
2002), pp. 190-194. 26. See B. L. Kelsey, "The Dynamics of Multicultural Groups."
Small Group Research 29 (1998): 602-623. 27. W. Bennis and B. Nanus,
Leaders: The ...

Neuromotor Mechanisms in Human Communication

This monograph is based on 20 years of research with patients who have experienced pathology in one hemisphere of the brain. It deals with brain mechanisms in human communicative behavior, and with related motor functions, from a broadly biological point of view. In so doing, the work discusses the possible evolutionary origins of human communication, the relation of brain mechanisms in communicative behavior to analogous nonhuman behaviors, and the neural systems involved in various levels and kinds of communication. In addition, noncommunicative mechanisms which parallel those used in communication--such as manual and oral praxis, and constructional behavior-- are outlined in detail. Individual differences in brain organization for such functions, related to hand preference and sex, are also explored. Although there is extensive reference to central nervous system pathology, the emphasis throughout is on how the findings contribute to understanding normal brain mechanisms. Much new data is presented along with the theoretical treatment of human communication which emphasizes a behavioral rather than a linguistic approach. This in turn provides continuity with nonhuman primates and early hominids. The work will interest psycholinguists, cognitive psychologists, neurologists, clinical neuropsychologists, speech pathologists, and advanced students in these fields.

The work will interest psycholinguists, cognitive psychologists, neurologists, clinical neuropsychologists, speech pathologists, and advanced students in these fields.

Scriptural Polemics

The Qur'an and Other Religions

A number of passages in the Qur'an contain doctrinal and cultural criticism of Jews and Christians, from exclusive salvation and charges of Jewish and Christian falsification of revelation to cautions against the taking of Jews and Christians as patrons, allies, or intimates. Mun'im Sirryoffers a novel exploration of these polemical passages, which have long been regarded as obstacles to peaceable interreligious relations, through the lens of twentieth-century tafsir (exegesis). He considers such essential questions as: How have modern contexts shaped Muslim reformers' understandingof the Qur'an, and how have the reformers' interpretations recontextualized these passages? Can the Qur'an's polemical texts be interpreted fruitfully for interactions among religious communities in the modern world? Sirry also reflects on the various definitions of apologetic or polemic as relevant sacred texts and analyzes reformist tafsirs with careful attention to argument, literary context, and rhetoric in order to illuminate the methods, positions, and horizons of the exegeses. Scriptural Polemics providesboth a critical engagement with the tafsirs and a lucid and original sounding of Qur'anic language, logic, and dilemmas, showing how the dynamic and varied reformist intepretations of these passages open the way for a less polemical approach to other religions.

In fact, al-Munīr published several translated versions of articles that appeared
previously in al-Manār. 41 Sometimes the editor of al-Munīr requested a fatwā (
opinion on legal issues) from Riḍā to clarify certain contentious issues, including
the question of whether Muslims were allowed to wear Western clothes, which
traditionalist 'ulama in Sumatra vehemently opposed. Apparently, according to
some of these 'ulama, imitating Western clothes and life styles was considered a
heretical ...

A Cognitive Approach to Language Learning

This book addresses issues such as the relation of form to meaning, the relevance of SLA research, and the validity of task-based learning. It also contrasts universalist accounts of language learning and individual differences between learners.

testing. At the outset, though, we will look at the problems of assessment as they
have been conceived by testers themselves. In general terms, a test is a
systematic method of eliciting performance which is intended to be the basis for
some sort of decision making, although this is not to deny that many tests are not
terribly systematic, elicit fairly questionable language performance, and do not
lead to any decisions being made. Testers, in other words, argue for care and
standardization ...

The Oxford Dictionary of Islam

Designed for general readers with little or no knowledge of Islam, this superb Oxford Dictionary provides more than 2,000 vividly written, up-to-date, and authoritative entries organized in an easy-to-use, A-to-Z format. The Dictionary focuses primarily on the 19th and 20th centuries, stressing topics of most interest to Westerners. What emerges is a highly informative look at the religious, political, and social spheres of the modern Islamic world. Naturally, readers will find many entries on topics of intense current interest, such as terrorism and the Taliban, Osama bin Laden and al-Qaida, the PLO and HAMAS. But the coverage goes well beyond recent headlines. There are biographical profiles, ranging from Naguib Mahfouz (the Nobel Prize winner from Egypt) to Malcolm X, including political leaders, influential thinkers, poets, scientists, and writers. Other entries cover major political movements, militant groups, and religious sects as well as terms from Islamic law, culture, and religion, key historical events, and important landmarks (such as Mecca and Medina). A series of entries looks at Islam in individual nations, such as Afghanistan, the West Bank and Gaza, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and the United States, and there are discussions of Islamic views on such issues as abortion, birth control, the Internet, the Rushdie Affair, and the theory of evolution. Whether we are listening to the evening news, browsing through the op-ed pages, or reading a book on current events, references to Muslims and the Islamic world appear at every turn. The Oxford Dictionary of Islam offers a wealth of information for anyone curious about this burgeoning and increasingly important world religion.

x Preface and the United States, and offer discussions of Islamic views on such
issues as abortion, birth control, the Rushdie Affair, and the theory of evolution.
Twelve featured entries cover topics of popular interest such as women and Islam
, Sufism, Mosque and Hajj. Following the readable style and format of The Oxford
History of Islam, The dictionary implements standard transliteration but without
diacriticals. The exception are words which have achieved currency in non-
standard ...

Islam and the Economy of Pakistan

A Critical Analysis of Traditional Interpretation

The book critically examines the question of the ideology of Pakistan and the related claim concerning Islam as a system. The author attempts to discuss the issue in the context of the economy of Pakistan and argues in favour of renewed efforts towards the reconstruction of Islamic thought tomeet the challenge of modernity in the area of economic policy.

Thus, rent and interest become two sides of the same phenomenon. But there is
more to rent than its role as payment for the use of a durable good. It is described
as 'quasi-rent' in the theory of distribution when rent becomes a pure surplus
accruing to the owner of land (or any fixed asset) who has no contribution in its
creation. Economists usually refer to it as unearned income and it is applicable in
a variety of situations. A typical example would be where a business is made
more ...

Islam and the European Empires

At the height of the imperial age, European powers ruled over most parts of the Islamic world. The British, French, Russian, and Dutch empires each governed more Muslims than any independent Muslim state. European officials believed Islam to be of great political significance, and were quite cautious when it came to matters of the religious life of their Muslim subjects. In the colonies, they regularly employed Islamic religious leaders and institutions to bolster imperial rule. At the same time, the European presence in Muslim lands was confronted by religious resistance movements and Islamic insurgency. Across the globe, from the West African savanna to the shores of Southeast Asia, Muslim rebels called for holy war against non-Muslim intruders. Islam and the European Empires presents the first comparative account of the engagement of all major European empires with Islam. Bringing together fifteen of the world's leading scholars in the field, the volume explores a wide array of themes, ranging from the accommodation of Islam under imperial rule to Islamic anti-colonial resistance. A truly global history of empire, the volume makes a major contribution not only to our knowledge of the intersection of Islam and imperialism, but also more generally to our understanding of religion and power in the modern world.

'The theory of these exvoto, so widespread among other people than Muslims,
and particularly in modern Catholicism, has no other base than the primitive
belief in the expulsion of evil and the acquisition of good.'24 However, while
Bertholon and Chantre and Robert dismissed ... its incompability with what he
described as 'pure Islam'. REGULATING HOLY INTERVENTIONS The social and
economic, and hence potentially political roles of local holy people attracted
interest among ...

Pakistan, Islam, and Economics

Failure of Modernity

It's a pioneering effort to present a comprehensive view of the issues involved, from riba to the status of women in Islam.

It is whether modaraba type financing would dispense with interest as we know it
in modern times. The Islamic economists often point out that there is no
consensus about the theory of interest among the neoclassical economists. What
determines interest rate and which theory best explains the phenomenon is not
the real issue. There is the well-known Keynesian approach to interest rate, and
there are the nonmonetary theories which make an attempt to explain the
phenomenon.

A Study in Scarlet & Other Sherlock Holmes Adventures

Sherlock Holmes, with his amazing powers of deduction, is probably the most well-known detective in literary history. The gripping mystery, A Study in Scarlet, together with other fantastic adventures, feature in this beautiful hardback edition.

The gripping mystery, A Study in Scarlet, together with other fantastic adventures, feature in this beautiful hardback edition.