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Enshrining, Adapting and Contesting the Latin Apology of Al-Kindi

Readers' Interactions with an Authoritative Polemic Against Islam

In this study, I have examined the use of the Latin translation of the Arabic Apology of al-Kindi, regarded as the most influential source of information about Islam for Latin readers in the Middle Ages, by some of its readers from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries. My work is divided into three parts, beginning with an analysis of the writings of the man who commissioned the translation, Peter the Venerable, and Peter of Poitiers, the secretary of the first Peter and a member of the translation team. I argue that, for Peter the Venerable, the Latin translation of the Apology was the most important of all the Arabic-to-Latin translations that he sponsored and that it represented the first step in a project that he hoped would culminate in the conversion of Muslims. Second, I discuss the adaptation of the Apology by Matthew Paris and Vincent of Beauvais, two historians who used it to create narratives of early Islam, an area in which other Latin texts failed them. The final section of the thesis is devoted to the annotators who clarified the many words and references in the text likely to confuse uninitiated readers and who conveyed their own thoughts on the text's author and his arguments. I found that these reader-writers were deeply invested in representing Islam accurately, a characterization not often associated with medieval Christian scholars' relationships to the non-Christian religions that they studied. Zeal for accuracy led readers to the Apology in the first place and motivated them to excavate the textual clues that justified its standing, as well as to sidestep or challenge what they deemed inaccurate.

The final section of the thesis is devoted to the annotators who clarified the many words and references in the text likely to confuse uninitiated readers and who conveyed their own thoughts on the text's author and his arguments.

Kitab-ul-Kharaj

(Islamic revenue code)

Similarly, the slave, the Umm-al-Walad2 and a mudabbars will also pay khumus.
When a Muslim finds a treasure in the enemy's land and if he enters it without any
treaty of peace it belongs to him and there is no khumus in this. If the land
wherein he finds a treasure is in the 1. A slave who has contracted his freedom
with his master after the payment of the mutually agreed amount. 2. Umm-al-
Walad is a slave girl who has given birth to a child for her master. Such a slave
girl is ...

Islam dan humanisme

aktualisasi humanisme Islam di tengah krisis humanisme universal

Machasin Permasalahan tentang manusia telah memenuhi benak para pemikir
Islam. Bahkan dalam sumber utama ajaran Islam, yakni Al-Qur'an, banyak ayat
yang membicarakan tentang manusia. Hal ini tidak hanya menyatakan secara
tidak langsung betapa pentingnya persoalan ini, tapi juga betapa sulit atau
betapa mungkinnya dilakukan pendekatan dari berbagai sudut pandang. Tulisan
ini akan berusaha mempelajari konsep manusia dalam Islam dengan
menelusurinya ...

Jaringan ulama

Timur Tengah dan kepulauan Nusantara abad XVII & XVIII : akar pembaruan Islam Indonesia

The Transmission of Islamic Reformism to Indonesia

Networks of Middle Eastern and Malay-Indonesian 'Ulama' in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia

Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern 'Ulam?' in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Professor Azra's meticulous study, using sources from the Middle East itself, shows how scholars in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were reconstructing the intellectual and socio-moral foundation of Muslim societies.

in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Azyumardi Azra. Ahmad. Rashid. '
Gapena Pelopori Usaha Menjalin Hubungan yang Terputus'. in Abu Bakar ted.t.
Melayu Srilanka. Kuala Lumpur. Gapena. l990. Ahtmat. J.P.. 'Kedatangan Orang
Melayu ke Srilanka'. in Abu Bakar ted.l. Melayu Srilanka. Kuala Lumpur. Gapena.
l990. al-'Ankawl. Abdullah. "The Pilgrimage to Mecca in Mamluk Times'. in R.B.
Serjeant & R.L. Bidwell tedst. Arubian Studies. I. London: C. Hurst. l974. al-Ansari
.

Pendidikan tinggi dan intelektualisme

revitalisasi ideologi dan menumbuhkan modal sosial bangsa menghadapi persaingan internasional dan globalisasi

On development of national characteristics through higher education in Indonesia.

On development of national characteristics through higher education in Indonesia.

Al Qur'an dan pembangunan nasional

koleksi ayat-ayat al Qur'an sebagai motivator dan dinamisator pembangunan

Verses in Koran related to national development of Indonesia.

AL QUR'AN DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENELITIAN. Al Qur
'anul Karim merupakan mu'jizat terbesar bagi Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. yang
bersifat abadi, amat dicintai oleh kaum Muslimin dan sebagai nara sumber ilmu
pengetahuan dan teknologi serta sumber kebahagiaan hidup di dunia dan
akhirat. Kandungannya universal, mengatur segala aspek kehidupan manusia,
termasuk hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan
penelitian.