The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia

Networks of Malay-Indonesian and Middle Eastern 'Ulam?' in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Professor Azra's meticulous study, using sources from the Middle East itself, shows how scholars in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were reconstructing the intellectual and socio-moral foundation of Muslim societies.

in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Azyumardi Azra. Ahmad. Rashid. '
Gapena Pelopori Usaha Menjalin Hubungan yang Terputus'. in Abu Bakar ted.t.
Melayu Srilanka. Kuala Lumpur. Gapena. l990. Ahtmat. J.P.. 'Kedatangan Orang
Melayu ke Srilanka'. in Abu Bakar ted.l. Melayu Srilanka. Kuala Lumpur. Gapena.
l990. al-'Ankawl. Abdullah. "The Pilgrimage to Mecca in Mamluk Times'. in R.B.
Serjeant & R.L. Bidwell tedst. Arubian Studies. I. London: C. Hurst. l974. al-Ansari
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