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The Mammalian Carotid Body

According to Valentin (1833) and Luschka (1862), the first description of the structure now known as the carotid body must be ascribed to a Swiss physiolo gist - Albrecht von Haller - who, in 1762, called it the ganglion exiguum. This claim, however, may be erroneous, for Tauber (1743) described a struc ture at the bifurcation on the common carotid artery and called it the ganglion minutum. Andersch (1797) reprinted the text of a study made by his father between 1751 and 1755. The original printing of this work had apparently been sold as waste paper! Andersch called the organ the ganglion intercaroticum on account of its location. He also specifically stated that the sympathetic chain, the glossopharyngeal and the vagus nerves sent branches into the organ. For a while the carotid body remained forgotten, to be rediscovered in 1833 by Mayer of Bonn who again remarked upon the branches of the sympathetic, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves as sources of a nerve plexus which innervated the ganglion intercaroticurtl. . Valentin (1833) clearly regarded the structure as part of the sympathetic nervous system, although he too recognised that the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves contributed conspicuously to its innervation. Thus it is evident that the anatomists of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries regarded the structure in the carotid bifurcation as one of the many ganglia which are interspersed in the course of the sympathetic nervous system.

Croom Helm, London, pp 277282 Heath D, Smith P, Harris P, WinsonM (1973)
The atherosclerotic human carotid sinus.J Path 110:4958 Hellstrom S (1975a)
Morphometric studies of densecored vesicles in type I cells of rat carotid body.

Nuclear Energy

Principles, Practices, and Prospects

This second edition represents an extensive revision of the ?rst edition, - though the motivation for the book and the intended audiences, as described inthepreviouspreface,remainthesame. Theoveralllengthhasbeenincreased substantially, with revised or expanded discussions of a number of topics, - cluding Yucca Mountain repository plans, new reactor designs, health e?ects of radiation, costs of electricity, and dangers from terrorism and weapons p- liferation. The overall status of nuclear power has changed rather little over the past eight years. Nuclear reactor construction remains at a very low ebb in much of the world, with the exception of Asia, while nuclear power’s share of the electricity supply continues to be about 75% in France and 20% in the United States. However,therearesignsofaheightenedinterestinconsideringpossible nuclear growth. In the late 1990s, the U. S. Department of Energy began new programs to stimulate research and planning for future reactors, and many candidate designs are now contending—at least on paper—to be the next generation leaders. Outside the United States, the commercial development ofthePebbleBedModularReactorisbeingpursuedinSouthAfrica,aFrench- German consortium has won an order from Finlandfor the long-plannedEPR (European Pressurized Water Reactor), and new reactors have been built or planned in Asia. In an unanticipated positive development for nuclear energy, the capacity factor of U. S. reactors has increased dramatically in recent years, and most operating reactors now appear headed for 20-year license renewals.

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Exposure of the
Population in the United States and Canada from Natural Background Radia-
tion, NCRP Report No. 94 (Washington, DC: NCRP, 1987). DeVerle P. Harris, “
World ...

The Effects of Standardized Testing

When George Bernard Shaw wrote his play, Pygmalion, he could hardly have foreseen the use of the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy in debates about standardized testing in schools. Still less could he have foreseen that the validity of the concept would be examined many years later in Irish schools. While the primary purpose of the experimental study reported in this book was not to investigate the Pygmalion effect, it is inconceivable that a study of the effects of standardized testing, conceived in the 1960s and planned and executed in the 1970s, would not have been influenced by thinking about teachers' expectations and the influence of test information on the formation of those expectations. While our study did pay special attention to teacher expectations, its scope was much wider. It was planned and carried out in a much broader framework, one in which we set out to examine the impact of a standardized testing program, not just on teachers, but also on school practices, students, and students' parents.

Drumcondra Attainment Tests, Level I, Form A: Mathematics and English.
Administration and technical manual. Dublin: Educational Research Centre, St
Patrick's College. —. 1978b. Drumcondra Attainment Tests, Level II, Form A:
Mathematics ...

Issues in Teaching, Learning and Testing Speaking in a Second Language

The volume constitutes a state-of-the-art account of issues related to teaching, learning and testing speaking in a second language. It brings together contributions by Polish and international scholars which seek to create links between theory, research and classroom practice, report the findings of studies investigating the impact of linguistic, cognitive and affective factors on the development and use of speaking skills, and provide concrete pedagogic proposals for instruction and assessment in this area. As such, the book will be of interest not only to second language acquisition theorists and researchers, but also to foreign language teachers willing to enhance the quality of speaking instruction in their classrooms.

Małgorzata Marzec-Stawiarska Abstract The article investigates foreign language
anxiety among advanced learners of English who are also MA students
specialising in EFL teaching. Past research results concerning the correlation
between ...

Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Second Language Learning and Teaching

Studies in Honor of Waldemar Marton

The volume provides a state-of-the-art overview of key issues in second language learning and teaching, adopting as a point of reference both psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives. The papers included in the collection, which have been contributed by leading specialists in the field from Poland and abroad, touch upon important theoretical issues, report latest research findings and offer guidelines for classroom practice. The range of topics covered and the inclusion of concrete pedagogic proposals ensures that the book will be of interest to a wide audience, not only SLA specialists, but also methodologists, material designers, undergraduate and graduate students, and practitioners

Language: Problems and Research Questions Maria Wysocka Abstract The fact
that English has become a means of global communication at present appears to
have been the cause of different changes that can be observed in the language ...

A Psycholinguistic Perspective on Finnish and Japanese Prosody

Perception, Production and Child Acquisition of Consonantal Quantity Distinctions

Linguistic and Psycholinguistic Approaches on Implicatures and Presuppositions

This book discusses developments in the study of implicatures and presuppositions, drawing on recent linguistic and psycholinguistic literature. It provides original discussions of specific formal aspects of the theoretical reconstruction of these phenomena. The authors offer innovative experimental analyses in which crucial processing questions are addressed, and new experimental methodologies are introduced. The result is an advanced debate featuring broad empirical coverage of the issues, as well as an informed discussion of the connections between a Compositional Semantics and a Pragmatic Theory of Implicit Communication, in light of the empirical data coming from Experimental Semantics and Pragmatics. This book will be a worthwhile read for those with interests in both the formal and methodological aspects of these arguments.

This book discusses developments in the study of implicatures and presuppositions, drawing on recent linguistic and psycholinguistic literature.

GTPases in Biology I

The GTPase switch appears to be almost as old as life itself, and nature has adapted it to a variety of purposes. This two-volume work surveys the major classes of GTPases, including their role in ensuring accuracy during protein translation, a new look at the trimeric G-protein cycle, the molecular function of ARF in vesicle coating, the emerging role of the dynamin family in vesicle transfer, GTPases which activate GTPases during nascent protein translocation, and the many roles of ras-related proteins in growth, cytoskeletal polymerization, and vesicle transfer. 80 chapters contain much previously unpublished data and, at the rate the extended family of GTPases is growing, it is unlikely that it will again sit for a group portrait such as this. Thus, this could well become the standard reference work.

... Japan ToH-E, A., Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of
Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan TORTI, M., ... Bldg. 10, Room 5N-307, National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
20892, ...

Geschwülste / Tumors I

Morphologie, Epidemiologie, Immunologie / Morphology, Epidemiology, Immunology

Research (Medical and pharmaceutical Section). Ministry of Education 1956, vol.
31, p. 209. Tokyo: Jap. Soc. Prom. Sci. 1957. ... KOSAKA, K., YAKAWA, S.: A case
of reticulosarcomatosis with metastasis in the heart [in Japanese]. Rinsho ...

Poetics of the Elements in the Human Condition: Part I - The Sea

Frank Motofuji in “The Factory Ship” and “The Absentee Landlord” (Tokyo:
University of Tokyo Press, 1973). 3 4 Trans. ... 5 “Soseki's Kokoro: A Descent into
the Heart of Man,” included in Approaches to the Modern Japanese Novel, ed.