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English Verbs and Tenses

A series of books which show learners what they get wrong and how to put it right.

A series of books which show learners what they get wrong and how to put it right.

How Snakes Work

Structure, Function and Behavior of the World's Snakes

A heavily illustrated and complete account of the functional biology of snakes, written for an audience of both scientists and a general readership.

Although the potency of venoms varies, recent studies (e.g., Susanta Pahari,
Stephen Mackessy, and Manjunatha Kini) suggest that there is greater
compositional similarity among advanced snakes than has been previously
recognized.

Preaching Eugenics

Religious Leaders and the American Eugenics Movement

With our success in mapping the human genome, the possibility of altering our genetic futures has given rise to difficult ethical questions. Although opponents of genetic manipulation frequently raise the specter of eugenics, our contemporary debates about bioethics often take place in a historical vacuum. In fact, American religious leaders raised similarly challenging ethical questions in the first half of the twentieth century. Preaching Eugenics tells how Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish leaders confronted and, in many cases, enthusiastically embraced eugenics-a movement that embodied progressive attitudes about modern science at the time. Christine Rosen argues that religious leaders pursued eugenics precisely when they moved away from traditional religious tenets. The liberals and modernists-those who challenged their churches to embrace modernity-became the eugenics movement's most enthusiastic supporters. Their participation played an important part in the success of the American eugenics movement. In the early twentieth century, leaders of churches and synagogues were forced to defend their faiths on many fronts. They faced new challenges from scientists and intellectuals; they struggled to adapt to the dramatic social changes wrought by immigration and urbanization; and they were often internally divided by doctrinal controversies among modernists, liberals, and fundamentalists. Rosen draws on previously unexplored archival material from the records of the American Eugenics Society, religious and scientific books and periodicals of the day, and the personal papers of religious leaders such as Rev. John Haynes Holmes, Rev. Harry Emerson Fosdick, Rev. John M. Cooper, Rev. John A. Ryan, and biologists Charles Davenport and Ellsworth Huntington, to produce an intellectual history of these figures that is both lively and illuminating. The story of how religious leaders confronted one of the era's newest "sciences," eugenics, sheds important new light on a time much like our own, when religion and science are engaged in critical and sometimes bitter dialogue.

Kenneth C. MacArthur, “Eugenics and the Church,” Eugenics 1 (December 1928
): 6, 7. 28. Edwin A. Kirkpatrick (chairman of the Massachusetts State Eugenics
Committee) to Lillian Armstrong (corresponding secretary of the AES), 27 July ...

Discrete Mathematics

The long-awaited second edition of Norman Bigg's best-selling Discrete Mathematics includes new chapters on statements and proof, logical framework, natural numbers and the integers, in addition to updated chapters from the previous edition. Carefully structured, coherent and comprehensive, each chapter contains tailored exercises and solutions to selected questions and miscellaneous exercises are presented throughout. This is an invaluable text for students seeking a clear introduction to discrete mathematics, graph theory, combinatorics, number theory and abstract algebra.Key Features:* Contains nine new introductory chapters, in addition to updated chapters from the previous edition* Contains over 1000 individual exercises and selected solutions* Companion website www.oup.com/mathematics/discretemath contains hints and solutions to all exercisesContents:The Language of Mathematics1. Statements and proofs2. Set notation3. The logical framework4. Natural numbers5. Functions6. How to count 7. Integers8. Divisibility and prime numbers9. Fractions and real numbersTechniques10. Principles of counting11. Subsets and designs12. Partition, classification and distribution13. Modular arithmeticAlgorithms and Graphs14. Algorithms and their efficiency15. Graphs16. Trees, sorting and searching17. Bipartite graphs and matching problems18. Digraphs, networks and flows19. Recursive techniquesAlgebraic Methods20. Groups21. Groups of permutations22. Rings, fields and polynomials23. Finite fields and some applications24. Error-correcting codes25. Generating functions26. Partitions of a positive integer27. Symmetry and counting

The text is designed explicitly for mathematicians and computer scientists seeking a first approach to this important topic.

Invitation to Discrete Mathematics

Invitation to Discrete Mathematics is an introduction and a thoroughly comprehensive text at the same time. A lively and entertaining style with mathematical precision and maturity uniquely combine into an intellectual happening and should delight the interested reader. A master example of teaching contemporary discrete mathematics, and of teaching science in general.

A clear and self-contained introduction to discrete mathematics for undergraduates and early graduates.

Language Testing in Practice

Designing and Developing Useful Language Tests

This book relates language testing practice to current views of communicative language teaching and testing. It builds on the theoretical background expounded in Bachman's Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing and examines the design, planning, and organization of tests. The book is divided into three sections which discuss 1) objectives and expectations, the context of language testing, and the abilities to be tested; 2) the process of test development, including blueprints, resources, operationalization, and scoring methods; and 3) ten examples which illustrate the principles discussed in Parts One and Two.

This book relates language testing practice to current views of communicative language teaching and testing.

The Oxford Handbook of Early Modern Literature and Religion

This pioneering Handbook offers a comprehensive consideration of the dynamic relationship between English literature and religion in the early modern period. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were the most turbulent times in the history of the British church - and, perhaps as a result, produced some of the greatest devotional poetry, sermons, polemics, and epics of literature in English. The early-modern interaction of rhetoric and faith is addressed in thirty-nine chapters of original research, divided into five sections. The first analyses the changes within the church from the Reformation to the establishment of the Church of England, the phenomenon of puritanism and the rise of non-conformity. The second section discusses ten genres in which faith was explored, including poetry, prophecy, drama, sermons, satire, and autobiographical writings. The middle section focuses on selected individual authors, among them Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe, John Donne, Lucy Hutchinson, and John Milton. Since authors never write in isolation, the fourth section examines a range of communities in which writers interpreted their faith: lay and religious households, sectarian groups including the Quakers, clusters of religious exiles, Jewish and Islamic communities, and those who settled in the new world. Finally, the fifth section considers some key topics and debates in early modern religious literature, ranging from ideas of authority and the relationship of body and soul, to death, judgment, and eternity. The Handbook is framed by a succinct introduction, a chronology of religious and literary landmarks, a guide for new researchers in this field, and a full bibliography of primary and secondary texts relating to early modern English literature and religion.

This pioneering Handbook offers a comprehensive consideration of the dynamic relationship between English literature and religion in the early modern period.

Gurus of Modern Yoga

Within most pre-modern, Indian traditions of yoga, the role of the guru is absolutely central. Indeed, it was often understood that yoga would simply not work without the grace of the guru. The modern period saw the dawn of new, democratic, scientific modes of yoga practice and teaching. While teachings and gurus have always adapted to the times and circumstances, the sheer pace of cultural change ushered in by modernity has led to some unprecedented innovations in the way gurus present themselves and their teachings, and the way they are received by their students. Gurus of Modern Yoga explores the contributions of individual gurus to the formation of the practices and discourses of yoga today. The focus is not limited to India, but also extends to the teachings of yoga gurus in the modern, transnational world, and within the Hindu diaspora. Each section deals with a different aspect of the guru within modern yoga. Included are extensive considerations of the transnational tantric guru; the teachings of modern yoga's best-known guru, T. Krishnamacharya, and those of his principal disciples; the place of technology, business and politics in the work of global yoga gurus; and the role of science and medicine. As a whole, the book represents an extensive and diverse picture of the place of the guru, both past and present, in contemporary yoga practice.

Due to the physical distance between Iyengar and his English students, a system
of assessing standards of teaching yogāsana developed that was not personality
dependent. This development was crucial to the global popularization of yoga in
the Iyengar tradition and has ... Later the teachers would be taught “to assist so
as to get an understanding of how to teach beginners” (ibid.). This teaching
method—to observe and correct incorrect physical action in asana—quickly
became the ...

Oxford Modern English Grammar

New Oxford English Grammar is Oxford's brand new and definitive guide to grammar usage. This book has been written by a leading expert in the field, covers both British and American English, and makes use of the unrivalled language monitoring of Oxford's English Dictionaries programme. Arranged in three clear parts for ease of use, its comprehensive coverage ranges from the very basic to the most complex aspects of grammar, all of which are explained clearly and engagingly. This descriptive source of reference is invaluable for those with an interest in the English language, undergraduate students of all disciplines, and for anyone who would like a clear guide to English grammar and how to use it.

For general introductions to English linguistics, see Crystal (2003), and the
chapters in Aarts and McMahon (2006). On grammar and grammar writing, see
Leitner (1986), Michael (1970), and Linn (2006). On the history of prescriptivism,
see Crystal (2006). Apart from Quirk et al. (1985) and Huddleston and Pullum et
al. (2002), some wellknown modern grammars of English are Jespersen (1909–
1949), Poutsma (1914–1929), H. E. Palmer (1924), Kruisinga (1932), Zandvoort (
1945), ...

An Introduction to Early Modern English

An Introduction to Early Modern English, helps students of English and linguistics to place the language of the period 1500-1700 in its historical context as a language with a common core but also one which varies across time, regionally and socially, and according to register. The volume focuses on the structure of what contemporaries called the General Dialect--its spelling, vocabulary, grammar and punctuation--and on its dialectal origins. The book also discusses the language situation and linguistic anxieties in England at a time when Latin exerted a strong influence on the rising standard language.

2.1 Range of evidence Early Modern English provides the modern student with
much ampler textual and metalinguistic materials than any earlier period. For the
first time, we have contemporary analyses of the pronunciation, grammar and
vocabulary of English, and can read descriptions of its regional and social
varieties in teaching manuals and textbooks of different kinds. All this information
is valuable in that it gives the modern reader and researcher a window on the
period and its ...