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Cartels, Markets and Crime

A Normative Justification for the Criminalisation of Economic Collusion

This study of the normative justification for the use of criminal sanctions as a means of cartel control goes beyond the historical and economic viewpoints by adding a normative evaluation of anti-cartel regimes and analysing cartel control in the USA, Europe and the UK. The analysis is unique in seeking to establish why, in a liberal society, criminal sanctions should apply to individuals who participate in this sort of activity. Although cartels have been rhetorically likened to theft and fraud, there are significant differences. Notwithstanding these differences, Cartels, Markets and Crime presents an argument for the criminalisation of economic collusion and, with this argument in mind, analyses the regimes of the USA, EU and UK and considers the possibility of global convergence.

Notwithstanding these differences, Cartels, Markets and Crime presents an argument for the criminalisation of economic collusion and, with this argument in mind, analyses the regimes of the USA, EU and UK and considers the possibility of ...

South Asian Sociolinguistics

A Select Bibliography [for] Workshop on Social Stratification & Language Behaviour, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Simla, 1973

Sociolinguistics in African Contexts

Perspectives and Challenges

This volume offers a new perspective on sociolinguistics in Africa. Eschewing the traditional approach which looks at the interaction between European and African languages in the wake of colonialism, this book turns its focus to the social dynamics of African languages and African societies. Divided into two sections, the book offers insight into the crucial topics such as: language vitality and endangerment, the birth of ‘new languages’, a sociolinguistics of the city, language contact and language politics. It spans the continent from Algeria to South Africa, Guinea-Bissau to Kenya and addresses the following broad themes: Language variation, contact and changeThe dynamics of urban, rural and youth languagesPolicy and practice This book provides an alternative to the Eurocentric view of sociolinguistic dynamics in Africa, and will make an ideal read or supplemental textbook for scholars and students in the field/disciplines of African languages and linguistics, and those interested in southern theory or ‘sociolinguistics in the margins’.

This volume offers a new perspective on sociolinguistics in Africa.

Cognitive Sociolinguistics

Language Variation, Cultural Models, Social Systems

A union of Cognitive Linguistics and Sociolinguistics was bound to happen. Both proclaim a usage-based approach to language and aim to analyse actual language use in objective ways. Whereas Sociolinguistics is by nature on the outlook forlanguage in its variety, CL can no longer afford to ignoresocial variation in language as it manifests itself in the usagedata. Nor can it fail to adopt an empirical methodology thatreflects variation as it actually occurs, beyond the limitedknowledge of the individual observer. Conversely, while CL canonly benefit from a heightened sensitivity to social aspects, the rich, bottom-up theoretical framework it has developed islikely to contribute to a much better understanding of themeaning of variationist phenomena. This volume brings together fifteen chapters written by prominent scholars testifying of rich empirical and theoretizing research into the social aspects of language variation. Taking a broad view on Cognitive Sociolinguistics, the volume covers three main areas: corpus-based research on language variation, cognitive cultural models, and the ideologies of sociopolitical and socio-economic systems

This volume brings together fifteen chapters written by prominent scholars testifying of rich empirical and theoretizing research into the social aspects of language variation.

Social Networks and Historical Sociolinguistics

Studies in Morphosyntactic Variation in the Paston Letters (1421-1503)

The author analyzes, from a historical sociolinguistic point of view, selected domains of morphosyntactic variation in a 250,000 word collection of the Middle English Paston Letters (1421-1503). In three case studies, two nominal and one verbal variable are described and discussed in detail: the replacement of Old English pronouns by borrowed pronouns, the introduction and spread of >wh-relativizers, and the spread and routinization of light verb constructions (take, make, give, have, do plus deverbal noun). While the author aims at a balanced integration of different approaches in sociolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, typology, and language change, the main focus is on social network theory and the role of the linguistic individual in the formation and change of linguistic structures.

The book presents an analysis of selected domains of morphosyntactic variation in a 250,000 word collection of the Middle English Paston Letters (1421-1503) from a historical sociolinguistic point of view.

Sociolinguistics

Political Correctness, Slang, Australian English, Gender Neutrality in English, Dysphemism, Joual, Ebonics, Discourse, T-V Distincti

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 237. Chapters: Political correctness, Slang, Australian English, Gender neutrality in English, Dysphemism, Joual, Ebonics, Discourse, T-V distinction, Majestic plural, Double entendre, Yeshivish, Politeness, Valencian, Utterance, African American Vernacular English, Patois, List of diglossic regions, Speak Good English Movement, Status of the Irish language, Linguistic rights, Glossary of Australian and New Zealand punting, Language attrition, Language planning, Terminology of homosexuality, Hypercorrection, Prestige, Honorifics, Gender-neutrality in genderless languages, Linguistic prescription, Accent, Truce term, Linguistic imperialism, Tree model, Complimentary language and gender, Language shift, Language death, Phonological history of English low back vowels, Language secessionism, Generic antecedent, Language change, Gender differences in spoken Japanese, Helvetism, Discourse analysis, Phono-semantic matching, Markedness, Cluttering, Reappropriation, Minority language, List of prestige dialects, Spelling pronunciation, Diglossia, Anti-establishment, Interlanguage, Thai honorifics, Critical discourse analysis, Variety, Cooperative Dictionary of the Rhinelandic Colloquial Language, Variation, Language ideology, Language reform, Heteroglossia, Matched-guise test, LTI - Lingua Tertii Imperii, A language is a dialect with an army and navy, Landsker Line, Open discourse, Functional illiteracy, Tynged yr Iaith, Language border, Oakland Ebonics controversy, Dramatism, Unisex name, Linguicism, Sociolinguistics research in India, U and non-U English, Gay lisp, Foreign language, High rising terminal, She, People-first language, Domain specificity and metaphorical code-switching, Schismogenesis, Nucular, California slang, Sociohistorical linguistics, Allophone, Interdiscourse, Motivation in second language learning, Speech...

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online.

Corpus and Sociolinguistics

Investigating Age and Gender in Female Talk

Age is by far the most underdeveloped of the sociolinguistic variables in terms of research literature. To-date, research on age has been patchy and has generally focused on the early life-stages such as childhood and adolescence, ignoring, for the most part, healthy adulthood as a stage worthy of scrutiny. This book examines the discourse of adulthood and accounts for sociolinguistic variation, with regards to age and gender, through the exploration of a 90,000 word age-and gender-differentiated spoken corpus of Irish English. The book explores both the distribution and use of a number of high frequency pragmatic features of spoken discourse that appear as key items in the corpus. Part 1 of the book provides an introduction, a theoretical overview of age as a sociolinguistic variable and a description on how to compile a small spoken corpus for sociolinguistic research. Part 2 consists of five chapters which investigate and explore key features such as hedges, vague category markers, intensifiers, boosters and high-frequent items of taboo language in relation to the variables, age and gender. The book is of interest to undergraduates or postgraduates taking formal courses in sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, pragmatics or discourse analysis. It is also of interest to students and researchers interested in using corpus linguistics in sociolinguistic research.

This book examines the discourse of adulthood and accounts for sociolinguistic variation, with regards to age and gender, through the exploration of a 90,000 word age-and gender-differentiated spoken corpus of Irish English.

Modern Arabic Sociolinguistics

Diglossia, variation, codeswitching, attitudes and identity

Modern Arabic Sociolinguistics outlines and evaluates the major approaches and methods used in Arabic sociolinguistic research with respect to diglossia, codeswitching, language variation and attitudes and social identity. This book: outlines the main research findings in these core areas and relates them to a wide range of constructs, including social context, speech communities, prestige, power, language planning, gender and religion examines two emerging areas in Arabic sociolinguistic research, internet-mediated communication and heritage speakers, in relation to globalization, language dominance and interference and language loss and maintenance analyses the interplay between the various sociolinguistic aspects and examines the complex nature of the Arabic multidialectal, multinational, and multiethnic sociolinguistic situation. Based on the author’s recent fieldwork in several Arab countries this book is an essential resource for researchers and students of sociolinguistics, Arabic linguistics, and Arabic studies.

This book: outlines the main research findings in these core areas and relates them to a wide range of constructs, including social context, speech communities, prestige, power, language planning, gender and religion examines two emerging ...