Written by a senior examiner, Regina Teahan, this AQA(B) A2 Psychology Student Unit Guide is the essential study companion for Unit 4: Approaches, Debates and Methods in Psychology.This full-colour book includes all you need to know to prepare for your unit exam: clear guidance on the content of the unit, with topic summaries, knowledge check questions and a quick-reference index examiner's advice throughout, so you will know what to expect in the exam and will be able to demonstrate the skills required exam-style questions, with graded student responses, so you can see clearly what is required to get a better grade
In Unit 4, your knowledge of practical psychology and research methods will be
tested in the Methods section and also within the context of the Approaches and
Debates questions. The Methods section will start with a description of a
psychological study. This will be followed by a number of shortanswer questions
about different aspects of the study. There may also be questions where you are
expected to make suggestions for alterations or improvements to the study that
has been ...
For thirty years, the literature on decision-making and planning has been divided into two camps : work premised on rational models of choice and work designed to discredit such models. The sustained critic of fully rational decision-making theories has al ready a long history and a constant message to deliver : in practice, consequential decision-making hardly fulfills the canons of perfect rationality. There is also evidence that decision-making and planning are not unitary processes. Although the concept of "decision-making" connotes the idea of a single process, making a single choice involves a complex of processing tasks : structuring the problem, finding alternatives worth considering, deciding what information is relevant, assessing various consequences, and a variety of others. The aim of this volume is to bring together and try to inter relate some of the concepts and relevant knowledge from various disciplines concerned with one important aspect of this complex process : the management of uncertainty. It is hardly necessary to reiterate the case made by numerous authors about our changing and increasingly uncertain world. Suffice it to say here that it is uncertainty about the future, and in many cases about the past and the present also, which makes decision-making and planning so difficul t. The management of uncertainty may be defined as the way in which uncertainty is treated and processed in decision-making.
alternatives and Choosing a preferred line of action. Multiple Decision Aid (MDA)
is a method that does not deal directly with uncertainty. It handles unknown
consequences and lack of data in the assessment and ranking of alternatives by
using subjective assessment, discussion and structured debate in addition to
technical and statistical techniques. 3.2 Partial Uncertainty B In cases where
there is no agreement on goals negotiation is clearly the most appropriate
method to be used.
Centered on the impact of information and communication technology in socio-technical environments and its support of human activity systems, the study of information systems remains a distinctive focus in the area of computer science research. Information Systems Research and Exploring Social Artifacts: Approaches and Methodologies discusses the approaches and methodologies currently being used in the field on information systems. This reference source covers a wide variety of socio-technical aspects of the design of IS artifacts as well as the study of their use. This book aims to be useful for researchers, scholars and students interested in expanding their knowledge on the assortment of research on information systems.
Guo Chao Peng University of Sheffield, UK Fenio Annansingh University of
Plymouth, UK ABSTRACT Mixed-methods research, which comprises both
quantitative and qualitative components, is widely perceived as a means to
resolve the ...
Tackling central problems in philosophy of religion by referring to relevant theories and findings in cognitive science, anthropology, developmental psychology, decision theory, biology, physics, cosmology, the contributors address a range of topics, including divine attributes; God, creation and evolution; God and the universe; religious beliefs.
It is,as I have said,amethod frequently employed byanalytical philosophers. To
give just one exampleof this methodologyas practiced within analytical
philosophy, Donald Davidson reasons that common beliefs tell us thathuman
actions are ...
The studies described here were carried out in the Neuroregul ation Group, Department of Physiology, University of Leiden, the Netherlands. Over the last decade, this group, in close collaboration with the Department of Neurosurgery of the Academic Hospital of Leiden, has studied the development of the central nervous system from a neuroanatomical as well as a clinical perspective. During this period, the expression of several morphore gulators in the developing rat spinal cord was extensively investigated. Parallel studies focused on the development of the spinal cord fiber systems, which was studied by means of the intrauterine use of neuronal tracers. The main goal of these studies was to extend our knowledge about the (normal) generation of the spinal cord and to contribute to the under standing of clinical problems related to regeneration and degeneration in the mammalian central nervous system. The studies on morphoregulators, in particular, appeared to benefit two different scientific areas. Firstly, the correlation between morphoregulator expression patterns and known anatomy contributed to our knowledge about spinal cord development. Secondly, the correlation between morpho regulator expression patterns and known developmental processes may help to understand their precise function(s). This volume of Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology presents these particular studies on the development of the rat spinal cord performed over the last decade. As well as integrating the results of the tracer studies, this volume also provides an update on the development of the rat spinal cord.
... GD (1990) NT3, BDNF, and NGFinthe developingrat nervous system: parallel
as well as reciprocal patterns of expression. Neuron 5:501– 509 Marani E(1978)
Amethod for orientating cryostat sectionsfor threedimensional reconstructions.
Proceedings of an International Symposium on Translation Methodologies and Terminologies
Röu gān 3:#f refers to a method used to treat insufficiency of liver blood (gān xué
bu zu H-IIASA and is rendered as “emolliating the liver.”Shëng AE is consistently
translated as “engendering” in our work; in this context we encounter terms ...
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2012, held in Tallinn, Estonia, in March/April 2012, as part of ETAPS 2012, the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software. The 33 full papers presented together with one full length invited talk were carefully reviewed and slected from 134 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on software architecture and components, services, verification and monitoring, intermodelling and model transformations, modelling and adaptation, product lines and feature-oriented programming, development process, verification and synthesis, testing and maintenance, and slicing and refactoring.
Given a set of selected features and a total order on those features, a tool can
decide for every method whether it is a method introduction or a method
refinement [3]. Then, we can automatically check that no method refinement
comes with a ...
This book contains the contributions to a workshop on stress in farm animals held on April 17-18,1986 at the Pietersberg Con ference Centre Oosterbeek. The workshop was financed by the Commis sion of the European Communities from its budget for the coordina tion of Community Agricultural Research and the Agricultural Uni versity of Wageningen (The Netherlands). Its aim was to bring together experts from different disciplines all having in common that in one way or another they were involved in stress research. Such a multidisciplinary encounter should not only provide an interesting description of present day knowledge on stress, but also promote a more integrated view on stress phenomena as they occur in higher vertebrates. In the course of this workshop the following fields of research were related to stress: endocrinology, immunology, pathology, neurobiology, ethology and theoretical bio logy. Each of these relationships was introduce& by one speaker presenting a concise state of the art. The same relationship was elaborated by a second speaker implementing the available knowledge as far as possible to the farm animal situation. Therefore in this book each discipline is represented by a duo and introduced by some integrating remarks.
Fokkema (1985) raised the question as to whether behavioral and physiological
characteristics of the rats (i.e. active or passive coping strategies) represent a risk
factor for cardiovascular disease provided that the animals are exposed to ...
Creative ability and entrepreneurship in the national education system in Indonesia.
Creative ability and entrepreneurship in the national education system in Indonesia.
