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This Side Up

Spatial Determination in the Early Development of Animals

During animal development the descendants of a single cell form many different tissues and organs in appropriate positions within an embryo. To do this they must recognise their position, and this book examines our knowledge of how this is done.

In the offspring of grandchildless mothers, most of those granules have indeed
disappeared from oviposited eggs (Mahowald, Caulton & Gehring, 1979b). In
cecidomyid flies the posterior pole plasm protects nuclei from the elimination of
most ...

Prokaryotic Cell Wall Compounds

Structure and Biochemistry

Microbial cell wall structures play a significant role in maintaining cells’ shape, as protecting layers against harmful agents, in cell adhesion and in positive and negative biological activities with host cells. All prokaryotes, whether they are bacteria or archaea, rely on their surface polymers for these multiple functions. Their surfaces serve as the indispensable primary interfaces between the cell and its surroundings, often mediating or catalyzing important interactions. Prokaryotic Cell Wall Compounds summarizes the current state of knowledge on the prokaryotic cell wall. Topics concerning bacterial and archaeal polymeric cell wall structures, biological activities, growth and inhibition, cell wall interactions and the applications of cell wall components, especially in the field of nanobiotechnology, are presented.

The ectobiotic micro-organisms are either rod-like bacteria attached by a cell
pole or by a side, or spirochaetes which are always attached by a pole (
Bloodgood and Fitzharris 1976; Bloodgood et al. 1974; Hollande and Carruette-
Valentin ...

Wall against the wind

a Thai woman's true story

Father pulled out a house pole. "This is the principal house pole." It was larger
than the other poles. He pointed to another pole and said, "That is the second
house pole." After he finished saying that, Father lifted one side of the pole while
 ...

Up Against the Wall

Re-Imagining the U.S.-Mexico Border

As increasing global economic disparities, violence, and climate change provoke a rising tide of forced migration, many countries and local communities are responding by building walls—literal and metaphorical—between citizens and newcomers. Up Against the Wall: Re-imagining the U.S.-Mexico Border examines the temptation to construct such walls through a penetrating analysis of the U.S. wall at the U.S.-Mexico border, as well as investigating the walling out of Mexicans in local communities. Calling into question the building of a wall against a friendly neighboring nation, Up Against the Wall offers an analysis of the differences between borders and boundaries. This analysis opens the way to envisioning alternatives to the stark and policed divisions that are imposed by walls of all kinds. Tracing the consequences of imperialism and colonization as citizens grapple with new migrant neighbors, the book paints compelling examples from key locales affected by the wall—Nogales, Arizona vs. Nogales, Sonora; Tijuana/San Diego; and the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. An extended case study of Santa Barbara describes the creation of an internal colony in the aftermath of the U.S. conquest of Mexican land, a history that is relevant to many U.S. cities and towns. Ranging from human rights issues in the wake of massive global migration to the role of national restorative shame in the United States for the treatment of Mexicans since 1848, the authors delve into the broad repercussions of the unjust and often tragic consequences of excluding others through walled structures along with the withholding of citizenship and full societal inclusion. Through the lens of a detailed examination of forced migration from Mexico to the United States, this transdisciplinary text, drawing on philosophy, psychology, and political theory, opens up multiple insights into how nations and communities can coexist with more justice and more compassion.

Heidegger has linked pole and polis, as in this statement: “Perhaps the polis is
that realm and locale around which everything question-worthy and uncanny
turns in an exceptional sense. The polis is polos, that is, the pole, the swirl [
Wirbel] in ...

The Bacterial Cell Wall

The bacterial cell wall plays an important role in the interaction between bacteria and their environment. Thus, knowledge of the cell wall structure helps us to understand the biological properties. This volume presents a comprehensive description of all main cell wall components of both gram-negative and -positive bacteria (including mycobacteria) and archaea. Surface components outside of the cell wall, i.e. capsules, S-layers, and appendices (flagellae, fimbriae, pili), are discussed and the genetic background of their chemical structures is elucidated. On the basis of the structural background, the biological properties are explained. Methodological topics are also presented and critically discussed.

Models were developed showing that elongation under these conditions can
indeed take place spontaneously as long as the poles are metabolically inert and
rigid and, in addition, of fixed and appropriate radius. The above mentioned ...

The spirit journey

stories and paintings of Bali

Retells traditional legends of the Tenganan village in Bali, Indonesia, and includes a selection of the author's paintings

Retells traditional legends of the Tenganan village in Bali, Indonesia, and includes a selection of the author's paintings

An empirical analysis of labor income processes

In this paper we reassess the evidence on labor income risk. There are two leading views on the nature of the income process in the current literature. The first view, which we call the "Restricted Income Profiles" (RIP) process, holds that individuals are subject to large and very persistent shocks, while facing similar life-cycle income profiles. The alternative view, which we call the "Heterogeneous Income Profiles" (HIP) process, holds that individuals are subject to income shocks with modest persistence, while facing individual-specific income profiles.We first show that ignoring profile heterogeneity, when in fact it is present, introduces an upward bias into the estimates of persistence. Second, we estimate a parsimonious parameterization of the HIP process that is suitable for calibrating economic models. The estimated persistence is about 0.8 in the HIP process compared to about 0.99 in the RIP process. Moreover, the heterogeneity in income profiles is estimated to be substantial, explaining between 56 to 75 percent of income inequality at age 55. We also find that profile heterogeneity is substantially larger among higher educated individuals. Third, we discuss the source of identification -- in other words, the aspects of labor income data that allow one to distinguish between the HIP and RIP processes. Finally, we show that the main evidence against profile heterogeneity in the existing literature -- that the autocorrelations of income changes are small and negative -- is also replicated by the HIP process, suggesting that this evidence may have been misinterpreted.

Finally, we show that the main evidence against profile heterogeneity in the existing literature -- that the autocorrelations of income changes are small and negative -- is also replicated by the HIP process, suggesting that this evidence ...

Algae Energy

Algae as a New Source of Biodiesel

Algae Energy covers the production of algae culture and the usage of algal biomass conversion products. It also reviews modern biomass-based transportation fuels, including biodiesel, bio-oil, biomethane and biohydrogen. Each chapter opens with fundamental explanations suitable for those with a general interest in algae energy and goes on to provide in-depth scientific details for more expert readers. Algae energy is discussed within the wider context of green energy, with chapters covering topics such as: green energy facilities, algae technology, energy from algae and biodiesel from algae. Algae Energy addresses the needs of energy researchers, chemical engineers, fuel and environmental engineers, postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students, and others interested in a practical tool for pursuing their interest in bio-energy.

While the main focus lies on energy and power supply, the series also covers green solutions in industrial engineering and engineering design.