Sebanyak 99 item atau buku ditemukan

The Impact of Public R&d Expenditure on Business R&d

This document attempts to quantify the aggregate net effect of government funding on business R&D in 17 OECD Member countries over the past two decades. Grants, procurement, tax incentives and direct performance of research (in public laboratories or universities) are the major policy tools in the field. The major results of the study are the following: Direct government funding of R&D performed by firms (either grants or procurement) has a positive effect on business financed R&D (one dollar given to firms results in 1.70 dollars of research on average). Tax incentives have a positive (although rather short-lived) effect on business-financed R&D. Direct funding as well as tax incentives are more effective when they are stable over time: firms do not invest in additional R&D if they are uncertain of the durability of the government support. Direct government funding and R&D tax incentives are substitutes: increased intensity of one reduces the effect of the other on business R&D ....

Research di Indonesia: Bidang ekonomi, sosial dan budaja

1950) diasuh 'oleh guru2 besar Indonesia jang berpendidikan hukum dan guru2
besar Belanda jang berpendidikan ekonomi. Tidak lama kemudian, dalam
rangka Indonesianisasi staf pengadjar maka diangkatlah guru2 besar bangsa
Indonesia jang berpendidikan ekonomi. Guru- besar Indonesia ini lalu
membelokkan orientasi ilmu ekonomi kepersoalan2 pembangunan ekonomi.
Pembangunan ekonomi mendjadi thema sentral dari perhatian research dan pe-
ngadjaran dalam ...

Kajian tindakan dalam pendidikan

teori dan amalan

Theory and practice of action research in Malaysian education.

Dengan melibatkan mereka dalam proses penilaian pengajaran saya, suasana
kelas menjadi bertambah baik. Murid nampaknya bertambah komited untuk
mengikuti pelajaran saya. Merancang Melaksanakan dan Memantau (
Disesuaikan daripada laporan seorang guru : Hopkins: 1992). Sinopsis II Guru A:
“... saya menghadapi masalah dengan salah sebuah kelas yang saya ajar. Kelas
tersebut nampaknya tidak berminat terhadap pelajaran yang saya ajar...” Guru A
& B: “...kami ...