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A Modern History of the Middle East and North Afric

A Concise Modern History of the Muslim Countries from Afghanistan to Morocco

The Makara of Hizballah: Deception in the 2006 Summer War - History and Organization of Hizballah, Lebanon, Chain of Command, Hijacking the Internet, Bunkers, Denial Operations, Electronic Warfare

Information, while always a critical element of warfare, is quickly becoming decisive in present day conflicts. While the use of this information can take many forms, one area where the discussion of information's impact on conflict has been delinquent is in the art of deception. Hizballah and Israel serve as the perfect backdrop to examine the effects of deception in current conflicts. While Israel has always maintained a hard power advantage through its military might and prowess, Hizballah looked for other ways to level the playing field. The use of information in supporting deception, which has been a key enabler for the weaker side, became one of the answers to redressing the military balance.This paper will demonstrate that Hizballah, fighting an asymmetric conflict with Israel, used deception very effectively in their defense of southern Lebanon during the 2006 Summer War; this use of deception significantly offset many of Israel's hard power advantages. It will also show that Hizballah's use of information technologies greatly enhanced their ability to wield deception. Finally, this paper will address the interrelation of various information activities and the need to maintain consolidation of these activities for planning and execution on the modern battlefield.CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION * CHAPTER II - DECEPTION DEFINED * A. INTRODUCTION * B. DECEPTION EXPLORED * C. GENERAL FRAMEWORK * D. THE MECHANICS OF DECEPTION * E. RELATED ACTIVITIES * F. METHODOLOGY * G. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER III - HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION OF HIZBALLAH * A. INTRODUCTION * B. LEBANON: MODERN HISTORY * C. THE CREATION AND RISE OF HIZBALLAH * 1. The Early Years * 2. The "Lebanonization Process" * 3. Hizballah Today * D. HIZBALLAH'S ORGANIZATION * 1. Overview * 2. Chain of Command * 3. Support Organizations * a. Combat Organ * b. Enforcement, Recruitment and Propaganda Organ * c. Holy Reconstruction Organ * d. Security Organ * E. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER IV - DECEPTION IN THE 2006 SUMMER CONFLICT * A. INTRODUCTION * B. BACKGROUND * C. HIZBALLAH'S DENIAL OPERATIONS * D. THE BUNKERS * E. ELECTRONIC WARFARE BLUFF * F. MEDIA & THE BATTLE OF THE STORY * G. HIJACKING THE INTERNET * H. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER V - CONCLUSION * A. RE-EXAMINING DECEPTION IN THE INFORMATION AGE * B. LINKAGES BETWEEN INFORMATION OPERATION CAPABILITIES * C. AREAS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH * 1. Application of These Deception Criteria to Other information Age Conflicts * 2. Examination of the Relationship Between Psychological Operations and Deception * 3. Deception in Computer Network Operations * 4. The Role of Non-Combatants in Information Age Conflicts * D. CONCLUSION

Security Organ * E. CONCLUSION * CHAPTER IV - DECEPTION IN THE 2006 SUMMER CONFLICT * A. INTRODUCTION * B. BACKGROUND * C. HIZBALLAH'S DENIAL OPERATIONS * D. THE BUNKERS * E. ELECTRONIC WARFARE BLUFF * F. MEDIA & THE BATTLE OF THE STORY * G ...

Exploring Learning, Identity and Power Through Life History and Narrative Research

The book brings together a collection of writing by different authors who use a narrative/life history approach to explore the experiences of a wide range of people, reflecting on learning and education at significant moments in their lives.

Ed was one of a number of teachers interviewed for a thesis researching career
changer teachers and I recount his story in this chapter. In engaging with the
research I wanted to 'turn up the volume' (Clough 1998:129) on the 'very personal
 ...

Miscellaneous Works of the Late Philip Dormer, Earl of Chesterfield: Consisting of Letters to His Friends, Never Before Printed, and Various Other Articles. To which are Prefixed, Memoirs of His Life, Tending to Illustrate the Civil, Literary, and Political, History of His Time. By M. Maty ... In Two Volumes ... Volume the First [-second]

En ce cas—là,.,' je passeroisvolontiers condamnation, et je ne m'en défendrois
point, .. de peur d'être abfousv; mais ce font les menaces que vous me.faites,.., en
consequence de mes crimes supposes, qui m'allarment. Vous voulez changer ...

Developing and Writing the Screen Story

Designed for the aspiring filmmaker or for a course in screenwriting, this book teaches the fundamentals of script writing for any size screen. Chapters cover in depth the elements of format, structure, plot, character, and dialogue, exploring differences between features, television, shorts, and Web entertainment. Readers will learn to develop the screenplay from initial idea to completed script and beyond, with an introduction to the business side. The book includes a companion DVD containing visual examples that illustrate the lessons of the book in clear and entertaining ways. Solutions to exercises and PowerPoint slides are available to instructors. Brief Table of Contents: 1.Screen Stories for the 21st Century. 2 . Format: The Language of the Screenplay. 3. Screenplay Equals Structure. 4. Genre and Style. 5. Creating Screen Conflict. 6. The Plot Thickens. 7. Writing the Screen Treatment. 8. Character-Driven Dialogue. 9. From Outline to First Draft. 10. The Business of Show. 11. Big Scripts for Small Budgets. 12. Documentary Storytelling. 13. Writing the Short Film. 14. An Interactive Primer for Web Writers. 15. Writing is Rewriting. 16. Tell Your Story.