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Oxford Modern English Grammar

New Oxford English Grammar is Oxford's brand new and definitive guide to grammar usage. This book has been written by a leading expert in the field, covers both British and American English, and makes use of the unrivalled language monitoring of Oxford's English Dictionaries programme. Arranged in three clear parts for ease of use, its comprehensive coverage ranges from the very basic to the most complex aspects of grammar, all of which are explained clearly and engagingly. This descriptive source of reference is invaluable for those with an interest in the English language, undergraduate students of all disciplines, and for anyone who would like a clear guide to English grammar and how to use it.

For general introductions to English linguistics, see Crystal (2003), and the
chapters in Aarts and McMahon (2006). On grammar and grammar writing, see
Leitner (1986), Michael (1970), and Linn (2006). On the history of prescriptivism,
see Crystal (2006). Apart from Quirk et al. (1985) and Huddleston and Pullum et
al. (2002), some wellknown modern grammars of English are Jespersen (1909–
1949), Poutsma (1914–1929), H. E. Palmer (1924), Kruisinga (1932), Zandvoort (
1945), ...

Language Change and Variation from Old English to Late Modern English

A Festschrift for Minoji Akimoto

This collection reflects Minoji Akimoto's concern with studies of change in English that are theoretically-informed, but founded on substantial bodies of data. Some of the contributors focus on individual texts and text-types, among them literature and journalism, others on specific periods, from Old English to the nineteenth century, but the majority trace a linguistic process - such as negation, passivisation, complementation or grammaticalisation - through the history of English. While several papers take a fresh look at manuscript evidence, the harnessing of wideranging electronic corpora is a recurring feature methodologically. The linguistic fields treated include word semantics, stylistics, orthography, word-order, pragmatics and lexicography. The volume also contains a bibliography of Professor Akimoto's writings and an index of linguistic terms.

Meiko Matsumoto Semantic Shifts in the Development of Color Terms in English
1. Introduction The color terms green and blue have undergone interesting
semantic shifts in the course of their development. In discussing the use of these
terms in the Middle Ages, Johan Huizinga (1954 [1924]: 271) argues that "the
relative rarity of blue and of green must not be simply ascribed to an aesthetic
predilection. [. . .] They were the special colours of love. Blue signified fidelity;
green, amorous ...

Early Modern English Dialogues

Spoken Interaction as Writing

This book analyses speech-related genres in Early Modern English, providing ideas of what spoken interaction in earlier times might have been like.

... routines, regular adjacency pairs, the role of narrative, making requests,andso
on. This hasenabledusto highlightdiachronicshifts in detail. For example, 140
Early Modern English Dialogues LIII LIV.

Studies in Late Modern English Correspondence

Methodology and Data

The studies presented in this volume concentrate on aspects of Late Modern English correspondence in the usage of individuals belonging to different social classes, writing for different purposes, and finding themselves in different social contexts, both in Britain and in its colonies. As the growing body of research published in recent years has shown, analysing the language of letters presents both a challenge and an opportunity to obtain access to as full a range of styles as would be possible for a period for which we only have access to the language in its written form. It is an area of study in which all the contributors have considerable expertise, which affords them to present data findings while discussing important methodological issues. In addition, in most cases data derive from specially-designed 'second-generation' corpora, reflecting state-of-the-art approaches to historical sociolinguistics and pragmatics. Theoretical issues concerning letters as a text type, their role in social network analysis, and their value in the identification of register or variety specific traits are highlighted, alongside issues concerning the (often less than easy) relationship between strictly codified norms and actual usage on the part of speakers whose level of education could vary considerably.

Stefan Dollinger Colonial Variation in the Late Modern English Business Letter: '
Periphery and Core' or 'Random Variation'?1 1 . Introduction The study of LModE
increasingly includes colonial, native varieties of English. While American
English (AmE) has long received scholarly attention, the study of non-dominant
varieties is coming to the fore by detailing aspects of the historical development
from the eighteenth century until the present day (cf. Watts/Trudgill 2002, Hickey
2004).

An Introduction to Early Modern English

An Introduction to Early Modern English, helps students of English and linguistics to place the language of the period 1500-1700 in its historical context as a language with a common core but also one which varies across time, regionally and socially, and according to register. The volume focuses on the structure of what contemporaries called the General Dialect--its spelling, vocabulary, grammar and punctuation--and on its dialectal origins. The book also discusses the language situation and linguistic anxieties in England at a time when Latin exerted a strong influence on the rising standard language.

2.1 Range of evidence Early Modern English provides the modern student with
much ampler textual and metalinguistic materials than any earlier period. For the
first time, we have contemporary analyses of the pronunciation, grammar and
vocabulary of English, and can read descriptions of its regional and social
varieties in teaching manuals and textbooks of different kinds. All this information
is valuable in that it gives the modern reader and researcher a window on the
period and its ...

Semantic Change in the Early Modern English Period: Latin Influences on the English Language

Throughout the history, English was changing steadily. Not only was the English grammar, pronunciation or vocabulary being altered over the centuries but also the semantics of lexemes. A major factor that has a considerable impact on the semantics of words is the influence of foreign languages. This study deals with semantic changes due to the Latin influence on the English language in the Early Modern English period. The aim of the analysis is – with the help of the Oxford English Dictionary Online – to determine potential patterns of meaning alterations of English lexemes that were caused by the influx of Latin-derived equivalents, especially on the field of human anatomy, and between the 15th and the 18th century. Moreover, the Early Modern English period is portrayed as well as the roles of Latin and English during that time, also considering the integration of Latin loanwords into English. In order to discuss meaning changes due to Latin influences, a closer look will be taken at language modifications in general, at lexical change and at the various types of semantic change by which English words might have been affected.

The Early Modern English Period In many respects, the step from Middle English
to Modern English is by far too great to take it without identifying a transitional
period. This period is usually referred to as the “Early Modern English period”,
which is frequently dated from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. On the one
hand, Early Modern English is somewhat different from Middle English. As an
example, the pronunciation changed to a great extent due to the Great Vowel
Shift.4 On the ...

A Survey of Modern English

Fully revised and updated, the second edition of this authoritative guide is a comprehensive, scholarly and systematic review of modern English. In one volume the book presents a description of both the linguistic structure of present-day English and its geographical, social, gender, and ethnic variations. Covering new developments such as the impact of email on language and corpus-based grammars, this accessible text has been extensively rewritten and brings the survey of modern English right up to date. It also offers new examples and suggestions for further reading.

This chapter deals with the phonology of English together with a certain degree
of phonetic detail and the essentials of English orthography. Naturally, a
treatment of this length cannot take the place of a textbook in phonetics and
phonology or a manual of spelling. lts aim is rather to present fundamental and
systematic characteristics of, as well as tendencies in, the development of
English pronunciation and to give the principles of English spelling in outline. 4.1
THE PHONOLOGY OF ...

Introduction to Late Modern English

Some twenty years ago it was widely believed that nothing much happened to the English language since the beginning of the eighteenth century. Recent research has shown that this is far from true, and this book offers an introduction to a period that forms the tail end of the standardisation process (codification and prescription), during which important social changes such as the Industrial Revolution are reflected in the language. Late Modern English is currently receiving a lot of scholarly attention, mainly as a result of new developments in sociohistorical linguistics and corpus linguistics. By drawing on such research the present book offers a much fuller account of the language of the period than was previously possible. It is designed for students and beginning scholars interested in Late Modern English. The volume includes: * a basis in recent research by which sociolinguistic models are applied to earlier stages of the language (1700-1900) * a focus on people as speakers (wherever possible) and writers of English* Research questions aimed at acquiring skills at working with important electronic research tools such as Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO), the Oxford English Dictionary and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* Reference to electronically available texts and databases such as Martha Ballard's Diary, the Proceedings of the Old Bailey and Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management.

(1797), A Vocabulary of such Words in the English Language as are of Dubious
or Unsettled Accentuation; in which the Pronunciation of Sheridan, Walker, and
other Orthoepists is Compared, London. Anon. (1826), The Vulgarities of Speech
Corrected, London. Bailey, Nathan (1721), Universal Etymological English
Dictionary, London. Baker, Robert (1770), Reflections on the English Language,
London. Batchelor, T. (1809), An Orthoëpical Analysis of the English Language,
London.

The Structure of Modern English

A Linguistic Introduction

This text is designed for undergraduate and graduate students interested in contemporary English, especially those whose primary area of interest is English as a second language. Focus is placed exclusively on English data, providing an empirical explication of the structure of the language.

Chapter 3 English Phonology, Phonotactics, and Suprasegmentals Chapter
Preview This chapter begins with a discussion of the notions of the phoneme (
distinctive sound) and allophone (predictable variant). A number of phonemic
rules for specific English phonemes and their allophones are stated. The chapter
then treats the topic of phonological rules, which account generally for allophonic
variation in English. This is followed by a description of the constraints on
possible ...

Representing France and the French in Early Modern English Drama

Brings together previously unpublished evidence of France's role and importance in the early modern English literary and dramatic fields. The collection covers many genres and provides insights into the work of a large number of early modern dramatists, including major playwrights as well as lesser-known writers.

The first major work written on the history of Anglo- French literary relations,
Sidney Lee's The French Renaissance in England (1910), stated that France was
no less than a "civilizing missionary" for England.1 Lee's grand statement was
symptomatic of his view of the Renaissance itself. For him the Renaissance,
particularly the English Renaissance, was a massive effort to "eliminate
barbarism and rusticity from the field of man's thought, and to substitute
humanism and liberal culture ...