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World Bank Literature

World Bank literature is more than a concept -- it is a provocation, a call to arms. It is intended to prompt questions about each word, to probe globalization, political economy, and the role of literary and cultural studies. As asserted in this major work, it signals a radical rewriting of academic debates, a rigorous analysis of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and a consideration of literature that deals with new global realities. Made more relevant than ever by momentous antiglobalization demonstrations in Seattle and Genoa, World Bank Literature brings together essays by a distinguished group of economists, cultural and literary critics, social scientists, and public policy analysts to ask how to understand the influence of the World Bank/IMF on global economic power relations and cultural production. The authors attack this question in myriad ways, examining World Bank/IMF documents as literature; their impact on developing nations; the relationship between literature and globalization; the connection between the academy and the global economy; and the emergence of coalitions confronting the new power. World Bank Literature shows, above all, the multifarious and sometimes nefarious ways that abstract academic debates play themselves out concretely in social policy and cultural mores that reinforce traditional power structures.

English. Rashmi. Varma. In this essay I explore the ways in which contemporary
cultural and literary writing in English from India represents economic
development. Development in this discourse emerges as an idea that articulates
modernity, ... this essay will examine how such a paradox is resolved and
accommodated within the discourse of economic development and globalization,
as produced in the recent body of Indian writing in English.2 Gayatri Chakravorty
Spivak, in "How to ...

Islam and Politics in East Africa

The Sufi Order in Tanzania

Islam and Politics in East Africa was first published in 1980. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions. Focusing on the interplay of religion, society, and politics, August Nimtz examines the role of sufi tariqas (brotherhoods) in Tanzania, where he observed an African Muslim society at first hand. Nimtz opens this book with a historical account of Islam in East Africa, and in subsequent chapters analyzes the role of tariqas in Tanzania and, more specifically, in the coastal city of Bagamoyo. Using a conceptual framework derived from contemporary political theories on social cleavages and individual interests. Nimtz explains why the tariqa is important in the process of political change. The fundamental cleavage in Muslim East Africa, he notes, is that of "whites" versus blacks. Nimtz contends that the tariqus, in serving the interest of blacks (that is, Africans), became in turn vehicles for the mass mobilization of African Muslims during the anti-colonial struggle. In Bagamoyo he finds a similar process and, in addition, reveals that the tariqas have served African interests in opposition to those of "whites" because of the individual benefits they provide. At the same time, Nimtz concludes, the social structure of East African Muslim society has ensured that Africans would be particularly attracted to these benefits. This work will interest both observers of African political development and specialists in the Islamic studies.

Following these assumptions, I employ a conceptual framework that combines on
the one hand a theoretical perspective on conflict groups and social change—
Ralf Dahrendorf's theory of group conflict—and on the other a microanalytic
model of interest groups- Robert Salisbury's exchange theory of interest groups. I
use both models as heuristic tools, and, therefore, I do not test them in the
technical sense. It may be useful to point out those aspects of both models
relevant to my ...