Sebanyak 15 item atau buku ditemukan

Tax Amnesties

The controversial assumption that underlies tax amnesties is that, at least in some situations, it is preferable to sacrifice the penalties for past non-compliance (and perhaps even the tax owing itself) in exchange for improved compliance in the future. Some commentators argue that tax amnesties actually undermine future compliance, because some taxpayers may be encouraged to engage in non-compliance in anticipation of future tax amnesty. Consequently, tax amnesties must be designed and implemented cautiously from a public policy perspective. The scope of this highly relevant book is impressive. It covers the experience with tax amnesties of a variety of countries, deals with the constitutionality, morality, and economic effects of tax amnesties, and discusses the compatibility of tax amnesties with international agreements, in particular, the Treaty of the European Community. As the renowned international tax expert Brian Arnold L71observes in the work s foreword: The book is an important contribution to the literature on tax amnesties, as there is no comparable source dealing with the topic . . . It is timely because the elimination of bank secrecy and the proliferation of Tax Information Exchange Agreements with tax havens have led several countries to adopt tax amnesty programs."

Consequently, tax amnesties must be designed and implemented cautiously from a public policy perspective. The scope of this highly relevant book is impressive.

Corporate Governance

An Institutionalist Approach

"These authors argue that efficient corporate governance requires the establishment of devices of cooperation among the various stakeholders that enable the operation of collective learning. Their contributions to this book clearly enunciate both the need for such organisational learning and the lessons of several specific recent transformations in governance practice that manifest a degree of such learning.".

Their contributions to this book clearly enunciate both the need for such organisational learning and the lessons of several specific recent transformations in governance practice that manifest a degree of such learning.".

Corporate Governance and Directors' Independence

More and more, the agenda of corporate governance reform has been calling for a dramatic change in the composition and structure of boards of publicly traded companies, with particular criticism reserved for the role of independent directors. This timely, ground-breaking book takes a new and rigorous approach to this important issue. Investigating board independence from a distinctly original perspective, the author's systematic analysis explores the effective interaction of such aspects as the following:  What specific functions are expected of independent directors?  How these functions fit with the unitary board structure?  Why independent directors are seen as inherently necessary for corporate governance?  Whether board independence can be compatible with other governance mechanisms?  How mainstream company law is applied to independent directors. The analysis leads to a series of solutions designed to eliminate the real and perceived obstacles to the proper functioning of independent directors. In the process, the author discusses such critical 'moments' in corporate governance as monitoring, public relations, social responsibility, shareholder activism, the danger of 'groupthink', remuneration, collective liability, and codes of conduct. The discussion and analysis chart a course through which independent directors can better serve the goal of improving the system of corporate governance. As such, it will be greatly appreciated by investors, corporate counsel for institutional investors, and policymakers and academics in relevant areas of both business and law.

More and more, the agenda of corporate governance reform has been calling for a dramatic change in the composition and structure of boards of publicly traded companies, with particular criticism reserved for the role of independent ...

Corporate Governance as a Limited Legal Concept

The concept of corporate governance has come under intense public scrutiny in recent years. Business people everywhere are asking: What exactly does and‘goodand’ corporate governance entail? Which aspects of it are legally binding, and in what ways is it merely a set of expectations on how corporations should be organized ideally? Nowhere are these important questions answered more precisely - nowhere are the lines more clearly drawn - than in the insightful synthesis of statutory law, case law, and organizational theory presented in this book. Recognizing that the concept of and‘goodand’ corporate governance is not dramatically different from one jurisdiction to another but represents an international phenomenon that has to a reasonable extent the same characteristics everywhere, the author proceeds, with detailed analysis, through a series of issues that (he shows) make up the brunt of corporate governance. Each of these issues in turn gives rise to such specific problem areas as the following: board compensation and executive compensation; unitary and dual board structures; monitoring management; legal parameters of and‘mismanagementand’; the and‘supervisory gapand’; audit, selection and appointment and remuneration committees; director tenure and retirement policy; risk management and risk reporting; corporate safety culture; conflicts of interest; whistleblower arrangements; aims of the regulation of public takeover bids; and defensive tactics in case of a hostile public takeover bid. These problems - and many others - are examined in the light of corporate governance codes and guidelines and of reports and judgments that deal with specific instances where investigators or courts were asked to analyze corporate governance issues in concrete cases. Each of the ten chapters includes in-depth analysis of such cases. A special feature of the book is a set of model corporate governance guidelines based on US corporate practice. Corporate Governance as a Limited Legal Concept is remarkable for its very thorough characterization and definition of corporate governance as a legal concept, as a code of conduct, and as an organizational structure. The authorand’s clearly reasoned analysis of the legal limits of corporate governance will be of great interest and practical value to business people and their counsel in any jurisdiction.

Nowhere are these important questions answered more precisely - nowhere are the lines more clearly drawn - than in the insightful synthesis of statutory law, case law, and organizational theory presented in this book.

The Rule of Law in Japan

A Comparative Analysis

This book discusses various Japanese legal topics in comparison to the United States approach to these same topics and analyzes whether what you see as the written law in Japan is what you get in reality. The foundation for the present Japanese legal system is explored, as is the structure, makeup, and independence of the Japanese judiciary and legal professions. The application of the Japanese Constitution to activities of and limitations on powers of the Japanese government are analyzed, as are the scope and limitations of the Japanese constitutional guarantees of religious freedom, sexual equality, equal rights, and rights of the criminally accused. The special Renunciation of War clause of the Japanese Constitution and court decisions dealing with the clause are analyzed to discover how the clause has gone from prohibiting all military establishments to permitting a world class military. Substantive legal areas, including contracts, treaties, and corporate law, are discussed. The Japanese civil litigation system, the perceived shortcoming in that system and currently ongoing steps at judicial reform are analyzed. Similarly, the attempt of the American Occupation to significantly change the administrative law of Japan by incorporating American legal concepts in Japanese administrative law is compared to the actual legal state of affairs in Japan. The text discusses the concepts underlying the reasons for the difference between the written law in Japan and the actual working of the Japanese legal system and considers how the ongoing process of judicial reform in Japan, which has as its stated goal the advancement of the Rule of Law, may affect changes in the legal system as Japan moves its legal system into the 21st Century.

On the international level it has become commonplace for leaders to tell others
over whom they are believed to have some ... and Exchange Commission might
suggest to the stock exchange that it tighten its rules on accounting practices.

Collective Bargaining and Wages in Comparative Perspective

Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom

Remarkably, the core element of labour relations¿wage determination¿has been excluded from the European social dialogue about harmonisation of working conditions and national systems of social security. The present study responds by analysing the prospects of building up structures of wage formation in Europe through a reevaluation of collective bargaining and collective agreements as they exist under the law of the most industrialized Member States. The impetus for the study is the widely debated crisis of the system of concluding regional collective agreements on wages. Social partners seem to have been trapped in fruitless conflicts on how the system must be reformed. It has become obvious that no party concerned employers, trade unions, the state has the capacity to resolve the growing difficulties of collective wage formation. In an introductory essay by the distinguished editors, this important study takes the situation in Germany, the most prominent manifestation of this European crisis, as its starting point. Then, academic experts from France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Sweden describe comparable problems in their own countries, detail approaches to dealing with them, and provide a critical commentary, including judgements and suggestions in relation to the German case. Then follows a reexamination of the situation in Germany in the light of the experience of the other countries. A final chapter outlines some preliminary interpretations of European prospects. Salient issues investigated include the following: the erosion of such ideological and legal categories and concepts as `dependent work, `solidarity', `subsidiarity' and `social self-regulation' as preconditions of traditional collective bargaining structures at national level; the decreasing membership of the bargaining partners on both sides; the shrinking rate of employees covered by collective agreements; attempts to establish a national social pact; increasing competition on global markets; decentralizing management strategies, including the abandonment of collective bargaining; and, individualized employees. The authors examine the various state structures to determine if the legal and institutional developments of the different national systems of collective bargaining constitute starting points for mutual learning in order to meet the new challenges. This leads to a discussion of which practices are successful in their original environment, and how these practices might adapt to other systems in other countries.

Remarkably, the core element of labour relations wage determination has been excluded from the European social dialogue about harmonisation of working conditions and national systems of social security.

Criminal Finance:The Political Economy of Money Laundering in a Comparative Legal Context

As the first cross-disciplinary analysis of money laundering - fully recognizing the activity's economic, political, and juridical dimensions - Criminal Finance clearly identifies a useful array of appropriate criteria that may be used to develop and implement effective control strategies. The book will be of immeasurable and immediate value to bankers, legislators, regulators, law enforcement authorities, and concerned lawyers and academics everywhere.

the legal and accounting professions. The working group is so named because
like bankers, lawyers and accountants act as "gatekeepers" to both the domestic
and international financial systems by mediating access of individuals and ...

Environmental Regulation Through Financial Organisations:Comparative Perspectives on the Industrialised Nations

This book takes a comparative perspective of practice in the European Union, North America, Japan and Australasia, arguing that existing legal reforms to promote sustainable development are unlikely to be successful unless environmental policy can be diffused and embedded in the financial services sector. This sector plays a crucial role in creating the financial conditions that allow much economic development to proceed. Financial markets are already highly regulated in pursuance of various public policy objectives, and there is scope to adapt existing regulation to incorporate environmental aspects into the financial services sector. In terms of specific reforms, the book focuses on the role of corporate environmental reporting, economic instruments and liability rules to provide a proper context for engaging financial organisations with the environment, as well as reforms to the system of prudential regulation that currently governs this sector. Beyond the focus on the financial services sector, the book raises complex questions regarding the relationship between the state and market institutions in environmental policy, and will appeal to scholars from a wide range of disciplines interested in problems of environmental governance.

The attitudes and practices of the accounting profession have an important
influence on corporate environmental reporting.350 Revision of accounting rules
to reflect proper valuation of the environmental activities of corporations is a
crucial ...

International and Comparative Mineral Law and Policy

Trends and Prospects

This book covers a broad spectrum of issues shaping the current paradigm of minerals sector governance. The ultimate aim of the book is to understand trends and developments in mineral law and policy occurring at international, regional, cross-border and in some selected cases at national level and also to identify some of the challenges lying ahead. With these objectives in view, the book brings together a representative selection of the most knowledgeable authors on the subject. The contributions deal with a diverse range of issues tackled from interdisciplinary perspectives. Topics are divided into five main chapters: international and comparative aspects of mineral law; actors and policies in the minerals industry; investment prospects, financial and fiscal issues; sustainable development and regional outlooks. The book aspires to serve as a useful reference for scholars, practitioners, students and all those with an interest in current developments in the areas reviewed. Elizabeth Bastida is the Rio Tinto Research Fellow and the Director of the Mineral Law and Policy Programme at the Centre for Energy, Petroleum, Mineral Law and Policy at the University of Dundee (CEPMLP/Dundee). Thomas Wälde is the Professor of International Economic, Natural Resources and Energy Law and was (until 2001) the Executive Director of CEPMLP/Dundee. He currently runs TWA, his private consultancy firm, which provides advisory services in natural resources and energy law, regulatory reform, investment promotion, state enterprise/agency appraisal and restructuring, privatisation, contract assessment, negotiation and dispute management. Janeth Warden-Fernández is a Research and Teaching Fellow, an advisor of the Mineral Law and Policy Programme and the Manager of the Distance Learning Programme at CEPMLP/Dundee.

A 1999 National Research Council report identified site abandonment and
unfunded obligations as a significant regulatory issue for the industry.11 A 1987
General Accounting Office study found that reclamation standards – which
determine ...

The Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business

In addition, particular attention also should be given to the geographical location
of the parties and whether it is practical to obtain the evidence before
commitments are entered into or before money is paid, thus accounting for the
actuality that ...