The work of Alexander A. Potebnja, a leading Ukrainian linguist of the nineteenth century, has significantly influenced modern literary criticism, particularly Russian formalism and structuralism. Potebnja's theory, known as potebnjanstvo (Potebnjanism), flourished in the Russian Empire and in the Soviet Union during the 1920s. It attracted scores of adherents and gave rise to an influential literary journal and a formal critical school at Kharkiv. Yet despite his remarkable achievements in linguistics and literary theory, Potebnja's work was officially renounced in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, and in the West he remains virtually unknown. In his study, John Fizer carefully reconstructs Potebnja's theory of literature from the psycholinguistic formulations found in his works on language, mythology, and folklore. Elaborating Potebnja's concept of internal form, energeia, polysemy, and the semiosis of poetic discourse, Fizer develops the central tenets of Potebnja's theory with regard to their philosophical, psychological, and linguistic bases. Largely influenced by Kant and by Humboldt's philosophy of language, Potebnja conceived of language and the verbal arts as coterminous phenomena. He identified the internal form with the etymon of the word, which he considered the preeminent locus in the structure of poetic art. He insisted on the dynamic role of the Self in poetic creation and perception but, unlike many of his contemporaries, he believed that the diachronic depth of the signifiers was ethnic and had measureable limits. According to Potebnja, this depth (or internal form) reveals itself as a semantically multivalent image that induces self-knowledge and transforms the primary data of consciousness into syntagmatic wholes. A great deal of Potebnja's theory shares similarities with the work of Benedetto Croce, Leo Spitzer, and Charles S. Pierce. It anticipated modern literary criticism, and, as the author convincingly argues, retains existential and epistemological cogency even today. Fizer's volume offers the first thorough study of Potebnja's literary theory, and his insightful analysis restores Potebnja to his rightful place in the history of literary criticism.
The work of Alexander A. Potebnja, a leading Ukrainian linguist of the nineteenth century, has significantly influenced modern literary criticism, particularly Russian formalism and structuralism.
A new edition with a revised syllabus and completely new material.
A new edition with a revised syllabus and completely new material.
In this era of globalization and the world-wide web, the ability to communicate accurately and effectively using English idioms is more important than ever. This week-by-week calendar for systematically studying these idiomatic expressions is designed with the above goal in mind. Some unique features of this book are as follows: over 3,200 idiomatic expressions in American English; easy to understand, week-by-week methodology in which to learn idioms; unique classification system of 32 functional categories to help in understanding idioms; concise and simple definitions and explanations in plain, everyday English; lively and authentic illustrations of the language; and a thorough index for easy reference.
This competence in oral communication means that the English language learner
has the ability to use English in a variety of ... The use of idioms is a challenge for
English language learners because, compared to standard vocabulary ...
This exciting four-level course is packed with fun activities. Right from the start, children are fully involved in thinking for themselves, doing things themselves, and making things themselves. The topics in the Pupil's Books encourage children to think about the world around them and, at the higher levels, are linked to other subject areas in the school curriculum. This approach makes language learning more meaningful and memorable. Regular revision pages, and 'I can' sections in the Activity Books allow children to evaluate their own progress, giving them a real sense of achievement. The Songs and Stories Audio Cassette/CD can be used in the classroom or at home and is a fun way of providing extra practice. Delightfully illustrated Vocabulary Cards are also available to practise the target language.
This interdisciplinary approach to language learning leads to the use of richer
and more varied language in the classroom and allows for ... listening, speaking,
spelling, and vocabulary - and ask students to reflect on which strategies suit
their personality and temperament best. ... (ESOL) has developed an assessment
for children of elementary school age who are learning English as a foreign
language.
