Indonesia has an impressive record of economic growth and poverty reduction over the past 2 decades. The growth-poverty nexus appears strong at the aggregate level. Newly constructed panel data on the country's 285 districts, however, reveal huge differences in poverty changes, subnational economic growth, and local attributes. Results of econometric analysis show that besides growth, other factors directly influence the welfare of the poor, apart from their impact on growth itself. Among the critical ones are infrastructure, human capital, ag. price incentives, and access to technology. Thus, while fostering economic growth is evidently crucial, a more complete poverty reduction strategy should take into account these relevant factors.
A. M. Balisacan, Ernesto M. Pernia, Abuzar Asra. ERD Working Paper No. 25
Revisiting Growth and Poverty Reduction in Indonesia: What Do Subnational
Data Show? Arsenio M. Balisacan Ernesto M. Pernia Abuzar Asra October 2002
Arsenio M. Balisacan is Professor of Economics at the University of the
Philippines, while Ernesto M. Pernia is Lead Economist and Abuzar Asra is
Senior Statistician at the Economics and Research Department of the Asian
Development Bank.
This book is a summary in a readings format of what the author has learned about strategic-reward systems. The collected material draws heavily on empirical research to guide the author's conclusions. The book contains 26 articles, which are divided into 10 topical areas: (1) "Introduction"; (2) "Pay and the Changing Business Context"; (3) "Pay in New Business Environments"; (4) "Strategic Pay Issues"; (5) "From Job Evaluation to Work Evaluation"; (6) "Team Pay"; (7) "Merit Pay Revisited"; (8) "Competency Pay"; (9) "Pay System Evaluation"; and (10) "Conclusions & The Future of Strategic Rewards." In order for strategic-reward programs to be effective, they must be carefully managed. The design, implementation, and evaluation issues raised in this book need to be carefully considered. Plans need to be administered in a manner consistent with their intent. Reward systems are doomed to fail when they are taken off the shelf and simply "administered" rather than developed specifically to the needs of the organization and then managed. Research on these programs clearly shows the positive impact of these plans on organizational effectiveness when they are implemented well. In addition, strategic-reward management holds great promise as a method of compensation for nontraditional reward environments, such as public sector, not-for-profit, unionized organizations. An index concludes this book. (Each chapter contains references.) (RT)
This book is a summary in a readings format of what the author has learned about strategic-reward systems.
What a great way to pass on God's word!
What a great way to pass on God's word!
What a great way to pass on God's word!
What a great way to pass on God's word!
Her family later moved to Arizona, where she graduated from Scottsdale High
School in 1977. She graduated from Stanford University with a Bachelor of Arts in
human language in 1981, and from Arizona State University with a Master of
Science in coomunications disorders in 1 983. She worked as a speech
pathologist at Phoenix General Hospital (1983) and the Carl T. Hayden Veterans
Affairs Medical Center (1983-87). From 1987-90, she directed an ASU early
childhood diagnosis ...
With the advance of speech, image and video technology, human–computer interaction (HCI) will reach a new phase. In recent years, HCI has been extended to human–machine communication (HMC) and the perceptual user interface (PUI). The final goal in HMC is that the communication between humans and machines is similar to human-to-human communication. Moreover, the machine can support human-to-human communication (e.g. an interface for the disabled). For this reason, various aspects of human communication are to be considered in HMC. The HMC interface, called a multimodal interface, includes different types of input methods, such as natural language, gestures, face and handwriting characters. The nine papers in this book have been selected from the 92 high-quality papers constituting the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Multimodal Interface (ICMI '99), which was held in Hong Kong in 1999. The papers cover a wide spectrum of the multimodal interface. Contents:Introduction to Multimodal Interface for Human–Machine Communication (P C Yuen et al.)Algorithms:A Face Location and Recognition System Based on Tangent Distance (R Mariani)Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis (Y-L Tian et al.)View Synthesis Under Perspective Projection (G C Feng et al.)Single Modality Systems:Sign Language Recognition (W Gao & C Wang)Helping Designers Create Recognition-Enabled Interfaces (A C Long et al.)Information Retrieval:Cross-Language Text Retrieval by Query Translation Using Term Re-Weighting (I Kang et al.)Direct Feature Extraction in DCT Domain and Its Applications in Online Web Image Retrieval for JPEG Compressed Images (G Feng et al.)Multimodality Systems:Advances in the Robust Processing of Multimodal Speech and Pen Systems (S Oviatt)Information-Theoretic Fusion for Multimodal Interfaces (J W Fisher III & T Darrell)Using Virtual Humans for Multimodal Communication in Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality (D Thalmann) Readership: Computer scientists and engineers. Keywords:
The HMC interface, called a multimodal interface, includes different types of input methods, such as natural language, gestures, face and handwriting characters.The nine papers in this book have been selected from the 92 high-quality papers ...
What it means to be a self - and a self communicating and being in a particular culture - are key issues interwoven throughout Min-Sun Kim’s impressive text, Non-Western Perspectives on Human Communication. Going beyond cultural descriptions or instructions on adapting to specific cultures, the author interrogates the very core assumptions underlying the study of human communication and challenges longstanding individualistic, Western models on which much intercultural research is based. Kim proposes a non-western way of conceptualizing identity, or the "self" - the cornerstone of cultural research -- illuminating how traditional western and non-western views can be blended into a broader, more realistic understanding of cultures and communication. Grounding her work in a thorough knowledge of the literature, she challenges students and researchers alike to reexamine their approach to intercultural study.
Awareness of these limitations is a crucial preparation for genuine understanding
of cultural identity and human communication. Part IV, "Conclusion," looks at
research and theoretical developments that explore new combinations (
coexistence, synthesis) of individualistic and collectivistic orientations. This
research, as it matures, should lead to better conceptualizations in the field of
human communication. All these sections deal with different, yet related, topics.
In addition, the ...
