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The Theory and Practice of Microcredit

The remarkable speed at which microcredit has expanded around the world in the last three decades has piqued the curiosity of practitioners and theorists alike. By developing innovative ways of making credit available to the poor, the idea of microcredit has challenged many traditional assumptions about both poverty reduction strategies and financial markets. While this has encouraged new theorising about how microcredit works, the practice of microcredit has itself evolved, often in unpredictable ways, outpacing the development of theory. The Theory and Practice of Microcredit aims to remedy this imbalance, arguing that a proper understanding of the evolution of practice is essential both for developing theories that are relevant for the real world and for adopting policies that can better realize the full potential of microcredit. By drawing upon their first-hand knowledge of the nature of this evolution in Bangladesh, the birthplace of microcredit, the authors have pushed the frontiers of current knowledge through a rich blend of theoretical and empirical analysis. The book breaks new grounds on a wide range of topics including: the habit-forming nature of credit repayment; the institutional strength and community-based role of microfinance institutions; the relationships between microcredit and informal credit markets; the pattern of long-term participation in microcredit programmes and the variety of loan use; the scaling up of microenterprises beyond subsistence; the "missing middle" in the credit market; and the prospects of linking micro-entrepreneurship with economic development. The book will be of interest to researchers, development practitioners and university students of Development Economics, Rural Development, or Rural Finance, as well as to public intellectuals.

®Group. lending under dynamic incentives as a borrower discipline device. ̄
Review of Development Economics 5(3): 406¥420. Yunus, M. (2003). Banker to
the Poor: The Story of the Grameen Bank. London: Aurum Press. Yunus, M. (
2004a) ...

Gender, Ireland and Cultural Change

Race, Sex and Nation

This study analyzes the role of gender in Irish cultural change from the 1890s to the present, exploring literature, the relationships between gender and national identities, and the recognized major political and cultural movements of the twentieth century. It includes discussion of film, television and, popular music, as well as diverse literary texts by authors such as Joyce, Yeats, Wilde, and Boland.

This study analyzes the role of gender in Irish cultural change from the 1890s to the present, exploring literature, the relationships between gender and national identities, and the recognized major political and cultural movements of the ...

Gender and Development

In third world countries gender roles are different from those in western countries. This reality is of utmost interest for development policy makers. planners and project designers from donor countries. More often than not, development projects, sponsored and implemented by western organizations, reflect ethnocentric biases about the sexual division of labour, rights and responsibilities, based on standards from the donor country. Too many projects have failed or not had the intended beneficial effect on those in need, because they were administered with very little insight into gender relations. This volume deals with the importance of gender relations in crucial areas of development such as agriculture, employment, housing, transport, health and household management, and it underlines the necessity of having statistical materials that realistically reflect gender differentials.

This volume deals with the importance of gender relations in crucial areas of development such as agriculture, employment, housing, transport, health and household management, and it underlines the necessity of having statistical materials ...

Gender and Holiness

Men, Women and Saints in Late Medieval Europe

This collection brings together two flourishing areas of medieval scholarship: gender and religion. It examines gender-specific religious practices and contends that the pursuit of holiness can destabilise binary gender itself. Though saints may be classified as masculine or feminine, holiness may also cut across gender divisions and demand a break from normally gendered behaviour. This work of interdisciplinary cultural history includes contributions from historians, art historians and literary critics and will be of interest not only to medievalists, but also to students of religion and gender in any period.

Gender and Justice

Why Women in the Judiciary Really Matter

Intended for use in courses on law and society, as well as courses in women's and gender studies, women and politics, and women and the law, this book explores different questions in different North American and European geographical jurisdictions and courts, demonstrating the value of a gender analysis of courts, judges, law, institutions, organizations, and, ultimately, politics. Gender and Justice argues empirically for both more women and more feminists on the bench, while demonstrating that achieving these two aims are independent projects.

Intended for use in courses on law and society, as well as courses in women's and gender studies, women and politics, and women and the law, this book explores different questions in different North American and European geographical ...

Action Research

Principles and practice

Since its first publication, Action Research: Principles and Practice has become a key text in its field. This new updated edition clearly describes and explains the practices of action research and its underlying values, and introduces important new ideas, including: all professionals should be reflective practitioners; they should produce their personal theories of practice to show how they are holding themselves accountable for their educational influences in learning; the stories they produce become a new people’s history of action research, with potential for influencing new futures. This new edition has expanded in scope, to contribute to diverse fields including professional development across the sectors and the disciplines. It considers the current field, including its problems as well as its considerable hopes and prospects for new thinking and practices. Now fully updated, this book contains: A wealth of case-study material New chapters on the educational significance of action research An overview of methodological and ethical discussion The book is a valuable addition to the literature on research methods in education and nursing and healthcare, and professional education, and contributes to contemporary debates about the generation and dissemination of knowledge and its potential influence for wider social and environmental contexts. Practitioners across the professions who are planning action research in their own work settings will find this book a helpful introduction to the subject while those studying on higher degree courses will find it an indispensable resource.

Dangers and threats There are, however, considerable dangers around, and
these constitute poten— tial threats to the integrity and even the continuation
ofaction research. First I present some of the dangers as I see them, and then I
outline ...

Curriculum Action Research

A Handbook of Methods and Resources for the Reflective Practitioner

A handbook of research techniques for teachers, this book documents the historical development and changing nature of action research in the curriculum and aims to encourage teacher development through curriculum inquiry. It describes 57 action research tools, ten of which are new.

research, development, and dissemination (RD&D) model which insulated
professional researchers from the teaching ranks. This separation has had the
negative consequence of preventing researchers from studying problems in the
field, ...

The Art of Action Research in the Classroom

First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Participatory Action Research in Natural Resource Management

A Critque of the Method Based on Five Years' Experience in the Transamozonica Region of Brazil

This work evaluates the merits of a widely-used approach to natural resource management, participatory action research (PAR), an approach to resource management that strives to link researchers with farmers and other local residents whose lives are effected by long-range conservation programmes. The authors begin the book with the history of PAR, and then use a variety of case studies that chronicle sustainable development efforts in Brazil. They evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these efforts and suggest specific ways to improve on future PAR efforts.

Action research is generally considered to have been pioneered by Kurt Lewin in
the 1940s. Lewin was involved in government programs to improve intergroup
relations, and he sought methods of improving the contribution of science to the ...

Action Research in Teaching and Learning

A Practical Guide to Conducting Pedagogical Research in Universities

A practical, down-to-earth guide for those who work in teaching and learning in universities, this book will be indispensable reading for those who would like to carry out action research on their own practice. Lin S Norton's concept of 'pedagogical action research' has come from over twenty years' experience of carrying out such research, and more than six years of encouraging colleagues to carry out small scale studies at an institutional, national and international level. This accessible text illustrates what might be done to improve teaching/supporting learning by carrying out action research to address such questions such as: What can I do to enthuse my students? What can I do to help students become more analytical? How can I help students to link theory with their practice? What can I do to make my lecturing style more accessible? What is going wrong in my seminars when my students don't speak? Action Research for Teaching and Learning offers readers practical advice on how to research their own practice in a higher education context. It has been written specifically to take the reader through each stage of the action research process with the ultimate goal of producing a research study which is publishable. Cognisant of the sector’s view on what is perceived to be ‘mainstream research’, the author has also written a substantial theoretical section which justifies the place of pedagogical action research in relation to reflective practice and the scholarship of teaching and learning.

A Practical Guide to Conducting Pedagogical Research in Universities Lin S
Norton ... with the scholarship of teaching and learning, I attempt to bring all the
arguments together in putting forward a case for pedagogical action research.