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Information Technology and the Productivity Paradox

Assessing the Value of Investing in IT

From networks to databases, email to voicemail, the amount of capital being invested in information technology each year is staggering. By 1996, U.S. firms were spending more than $500 billion annually on software, networks and staff. The recently merged Bank of America and NationsBank have an initial IT budget of 4 billion dollars. As firms like this push rapidly into the business world of the 21st century, the question has remained: how do firms measure returns from these substantial investments in information technology? Henry C. Lucas, effectively answers this question by providing a creative and reliable framework for measuring the competitive advantages and profits gained through investments in state-of-the-art information systems. There is value in information technology, and it is possible to show returns, Lucas argues--unfortunately this value just doesn't always show up clearly on the bottom line of a ledger. In five expertly presented sections, he spells out exactly what businesses can expect from their information technology investments--some investments create a measurable value, some do not, but all are important nonetheless. Through a precise mix of frameworks and models, such as an Investment Opportunities Matrix, and punctuated with real examples from successful firms, this is the first book to allow executives to see exactly how their information technology investment can be expected to return value, thereby maximizing their advantages in an age of global competitiveness. Indeed, firms who manage their information systems most efficiently are best suited to succeed in a rapidly evolving marketplace. With so much at stake, Information Technology is certain to be the essential guide for firms determined to compete and flourish in the highly competitive economy of the next century.

What is the value of investments in information technology (IT)? Is there a return
from investing in IT? These two questions are critical because firms invest huge
amounts in information technology; an estimated 50 percent of U.S. capital ...

Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s

Research Studies

One of the most pathbreaking and influential business books of the 1990s is The Corporation of the 1990s by Michael Scott Morton. Its expert view of how information technology would influence organizations and their ability to survive and prosper in the 1990s has become the benchmark of thinking about information technology. Now, in a supporting companion volume, Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s makes available the research on which The Corporation of the 1990s was based. The research was conducted at the Sloan School of Management at MIT by the Management in the 1990s program. The program was funded by a group of 12 industrial and government sponsors from the United States and Britain which included American Express, Digital Equipment Corporation, Eastman Kodak, British Petroleum, MCI Communications, General Motors, U.S. Army, ICL Ltd., Internal Revenue Service, Ernst & Young, BellSouth, and CIGNA Corporation. Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s aims to disseminate ideas on how organizations can manage the impact of information technology, and also to raise issues and stimulate further thought by both academics and professionals. The book is divided into three sections which cover the information technology revolution, strategic options, and organization and management responses. It incorporates the work of many important scholars including Charles Jonscher, Michael J. Piore, Thomas W. Malone. JoAnne Yates, Robert I. Benjamin, Gary W. Loveman, Eric von Hippel, Edgar H. Schein, Stanley M. Besen, Garth Saloner, N. Venkatraman, Akbar Zaheer, John C. Henderson, Jay C. Cooprider, Kevin Crowston, Jeongsuk Koh, Gordon Walker, Laura Poppo, John S. Carroll, Constance Perin, Brian T. Pentland, John Chalykoff, Lotte Bailyn, D. Eleanor Westney, Sumantra Ghoshal, John D.C. Little, Thomas J. Allen, Oscar Hauptman, Lisa M. Lynch, Paul Osterman, Thomas A. Kochan, and John Paul MacDuffie.

As does its companion volume, The Corporation of the 1990s, this book begins
with an overview of the information technology revolution. In the first chapter,
Charles Jonscher places these revolutionary changes into historical perspective
in an ...

Biometrika

One Hundred Years

The book celebrates the centenary of Biometrika, one of the world's leading academic journals in statistical theory and methodology by collating two sets of papers from the journal. One set consists of seven articles that review the journal's contribution to statistical science; the other set contains ten seminal papers from the journals first hundred years. The book opens with an introduction by the editors Professor D.M. Titterington and Sir David Cox.

The year 2001 marks the centenary of Biometrika, one of the world's leading academic journals in statistical theory and methodology. In celebration of this, the book brings together two sets of papers from the journal.

Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis

Modeling Change and Event Occurrence

Change is constant in everyday life. Infants crawl and then walk, children learn to read and write, teenagers mature in myriad ways, the elderly become frail and forgetful. Beyond these natural processes and events, external forces and interventions instigate and disrupt change: test scores may rise after a coaching course, drug abusers may remain abstinent after residential treatment. By charting changes over time and investigating whether and when events occur, researchers reveal the temporal rhythms of our lives. Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis is a much-needed professional book for empirical researchers and graduate students in the behavioral, social, and biomedical sciences. It offers the first accessible in-depth presentation of two of today's most popular statistical methods: multilevel models for individual change and hazard/survival models for event occurrence (in both discrete- and continuous-time). Using clear, concise prose and real data sets from published studies, the authors take you step by step through complete analyses, from simple exploratory displays that reveal underlying patterns through sophisticated specifications of complex statistical models. Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis offers readers a private consultation session with internationally recognized experts and represents a unique contribution to the literature on quantitative empirical methods. Visit http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/examples/alda.htm for: · Downloadable data sets · Library of computer programs in SAS, SPSS, Stata, HLM, MLwiN, and more · Additional material for data analysis

In doing so, we hope to show how you can translate theories into mathematical
representations that you can then examine ... We begin with Robertson's (1909)
theory of human learning, developed from a well-known law of physical chemistry
 ...

Media Relations

Your essential guide to media relations in Australia and New ZealandThe text explains how to compose and deliver messages to the media, and how the media receives the messages and deals with them prior to dissemination. It takes a comprehensive look at the different types of media in Australia and examines how to prepare material for specific outlets.Grounded in theory The text combines practical hands-on strategies with a clear analysis of the theories of media relations. Real stakeholder case studies are used as the basis of theoretical argument, which demonstrates how to integrate theory and practice successfully.Practical strategies and adviceCase studies in each chapter demonstrate how media relations work in practice Hands-on advice on how to prepare media material for a diverse range of clients, including corporate, political and governmental, community, not-for-profit and interest groups Local relevance and examplesâe"written specifically for Australian and New Zealand students Shows the step-by-step process of successful message creation and deliveryâe"from designing campaigns, tactics, timelines and budgets, to developing media relationships and writing client prose Identify and manage risk, uncertainty and crisis Measure the success of the message delivery and the media campaign.

Combines practical hands-on strategies with firm grounding in the theories of media relations.

Public Relations Writing in Australia

'Writing clearly, fluently and with meaning is surely PR's most basic essential...' Tracy Jones, National President, PRIA (Public Relations Institute of Australia). Clear, precise, active and ethical writing that conveys a message is an essential and employable skill that all Public Relations students need to develop. Public Relations Writing in Australia illustrates how practice is based in communication theory while encouraging students to regard themselves as beginning practitioners who need to understand the social, economic, political and multicultural contexts in which they work. An understanding of why different writing approaches are needed for specific public relations tactics, as well as the practical aspects of writing for each are presented within an Australian context. Public Relations Writing in Australia is also available as an e-book.

This book covers professional public relations writing approaches for the unique Australian media and contemporary practice in Australia. Author Mahoney from University of Canberra, Australia.

The Restless Universe

Understanding X-Ray Astronomy in the Age of Chandra and Newton

Carl Sagan once noted that there is only one generation that gets to see things for the first time. We are in the midst of such a time right now, standing on the threshold of discovery in the young and remarkable field of X-ray astronomy. In The Restless Universe, astronomer Eric Schlegel offers readers an informative survey of this cutting-edge science. Two major space observatories launched in the last few years--NASA's Chandra and the European Newton--are now orbiting the Earth, sending back a gold mine of data on the X-ray universe. Schlegel, who has worked on the Chandra project for seven years, describes the building and launching of this space-based X-ray observatory. But the book goes far beyond the story of Chandra. What Schlegel provides here is the background a nonscientist would need to grasp the present and follow the future of X-ray astronomy. He looks at the relatively brief history of the field, the hardware used to detect X-rays, the satellites--past, present, and future--that have been or will be flown to collect the data, the way astronomers interpret this data, and, perhaps most important, the insights we have already learned as well as speculations about what we may soon discover. And throughout the book, Schlegel conveys the excitement of looking at the universe from the perspective brought by these new observatories and the sharper view they deliver. Drawing on observations obtained from Chandra, Newton, and previous X-ray observatories, The Restless Universe gives a first look at an exciting field which significantly enriches our understanding of the universe.

I thank my agent, Jeanne Hanson, and my editor, Kirk Jensen, for seeing the
potential in an early draft of this book. Thanks to the copyeditor, Jane Taylor, for
catching several recurrently missed mistakes, and to the production editor,
Joellyn ...

Schumann

Robert Schumann, one of the most beloved composers of the Romantic movement, embodied the passion and imaginative spirit of his age. Drawing on the composer's recently published journals and letters, this important new biography recreates the dynamics of the man and his music with unprecedented range. Includes music examples.

Robert Schumann, one of the most beloved composers of the Romantic movement, embodied the passion and imaginative spirit of his age.

The War on Terror and the Laws of War

A Military Perspective

Many years after the United States initiated a military response to the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001, the nation continues to prosecute what it considers an armed conflict against transnational terrorist groups. Understanding how the law of armed conflict applies to and regulates military operations executed within the scope of this armed conflict against transnational non-state terrorist groups is as important today as it was in September 2001. In The War on Terror and the Laws of War seven legal scholars, each with experience as military officers, focus on how to strike an effective balance between the necessity of using armed violence to subdue a threat to the nation with the humanitarian interest of mitigating the suffering inevitably associated with that use. Each chapter addresses a specific operational issue, including the national right of self-defense, military targeting and the use of drones, detention, interrogation, trial by military commission of captured terrorist operatives, and the impact of battlefield perspectives on counter-terror military operations, while illustrating how the law of armed conflict influences resolution of that issue. This Second Edition carries on the critical mission of continuing the ongoing dialogue about the law from an unabashedly military perspective, bringing practical wisdom to the contentious topic of applying international law to the battlefield.

Targeting of Persons and Property by Eric Talbot Jensen It is a simple reality of
warfare that in order to defeat an enemy it is necessary to attack and destroy the
enemy's combat capability. Employment of combat power for this purpose is ...

Debussy

Nearly one hundred years after the death of its composer, the music of Claude Debussy has lost none of its breadth of appeal. With the rare ability to entice listeners on many levels, at its heart lies an engaging simplicity-one which defies traditional analysis and lends mystery to what ultimately is an extremely refined and highly personal approach to composition. Equally fascinating is Debussy's often contradictory personality--at times elusive, but always centered on his devotion to music and his ambition to create a name for himself unlike any other. Author Eric Frederick Jensen provides new insight to the man and the music in this authoritative biography. Although born into poverty, and a failure as a piano student at the Paris Conservatoire, Debussy became the most famous French composer of his day, known for his culture and refinement. His revolutionary music baffled critics but was embraced by audiences. Debussy's scandalous personal life stirred up as much controversy as his music, and his notoriety proved more harmful to his career than the unusual nature of his compositions.Jensen also explores Debussy's relationship to the arts and his career as a music critic. Debussy drew on all of the arts in his development as a composer, including poetry and painting, and his fascination with the arts has often led to his being classified as an Impressionist or Symbolist, two claims which Jensen debunks. One of the finest music critics of his time, Debussy's reviews reveal a great deal not only about his musical taste, but also about what he felt the role and function of music should be. Debussy brings together the most recent biographical research, including a revised catalogue of Debussy's compositions and the first complete edition of his correspondence. With separate, chronological sections on his life and music, Debussy is accessible to the general reader who wishes to focus on his life and personality, while providing detailed discussion of the music to musicians and students.Readership: General readers and scholars of classical music, fin de siècle French music, Debussy, Impressionism; upper level undergraduate and graduate courses.

Debussy brings together the most recent biographical research, including a revised catalogue of Debussy's compositions and the first complete edition of his correspondence.