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Die essential facilities-Doktrin und ihr Einfluss auf das Kartellrecht in den USA und in Europa

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Jura - Zivilrecht / Handelsrecht, Gesellschaftsrecht, Kartellrecht, Wirtschaftsrecht, Note: 16, Universität des Saarlandes, Veranstaltung: Seminar im Wettbewerbs- und Kartellrecht, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Begrifflichkeit der Essential-facilities beschreibt eine aus den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika stammende Lehre, welche dort genauer eine bestimmte Klageart in kartellrechtlichen Sachen bezeichnet. Dabei ist die Legitimität der Lehre in ihrem Heimatland keinesfalls unumstritten. Wenn sie (noch) nicht gestorben ist – so müsste man formulieren – dann ist sie beinahe hundert Jahre alt. Unter dem Begriff wird allgemein die Frage diskutiert, ob und unter welchen Umständen der Inhaber einer sogenannten ‚wesentlichen Einrichtung‘ (etwa einer Infrastruktureinrichtung oder eines Netzes) dazu verpflichtet und gezwungen werden kann, Mitbewerbern den Zugang zu diesen diskriminierungsfrei zu eröffnen, um auf diese Weise einen Wettbewerb auf dem nachgelagerten Markt zu erreichen. Der Inhaber einer derartigen wesentlichen Einrichtung wird in der Konsequenz dazu verpflichtet Wettbewerb gegen sich selbst zu eröffnen. Einleuchtende Beispiele sind Infrastruktureinrichtungen und Netze, ohne deren Öffnung zu anderen Marktteilnehmern kein Wettbewerb möglich wäre. Man denke etwa an die Bereitstellung von Elektrizität, Gas, Telefondienstleistungen oder der Bahn. Der Begriff wird auch in der Tagespresse häufiger aufgegriffen und kommentiert. Dabei ist die Terminologie keinesfalls immer einheitlich. Der Begriff der wesentlichen Einrichtung, Essential facility, oder „facilité essentielle“ ist daher sehr kontextabhängig. Boudin beschreibt den Begriff der Essential Facility als eine Metapher, die versucht einen schwierig erfassbaren Begriff verständlicher zu machen. Dabei sei aber bei der Einführung einer derartigen Metapher stets zu bedanken, dass auch Unschärfen entstehen können, die eigentlich ungeeignet sind eine Problematik präzise zu beschreiben. [...]

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich Jura - Zivilrecht / Handelsrecht, Gesellschaftsrecht, Kartellrecht, Wirtschaftsrecht, Note: 16, Universität des Saarlandes, Veranstaltung: Seminar im Wettbewerbs- und Kartellrecht, Sprache: ...

Greek: An Essential Grammar of the Modern Language

Greek: An Essential Grammar of the Modern Language is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to the most important aspects of modern Greek. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language in short, readable sections. Explanations are clear and supported by examples throughout. The Grammar is ideal for learners of all levels and is suitable for those involved in independent study and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. Features include: * lots of clear and up-to-date examples * clear explanations of grammatical terms * discussion of points which often cause problems * Greek/English comparisons and contrasts highlighted. Greek: An Essential Grammar of the Modern Language will help you read, speak and write with greater confidence.

The book is intended to serve the needs of adult learners, both those attending
classes and those studying alone, of school students up to A level, and of first-
year university students, particularly beginners or near-beginners. The
terminology used is to a great extent traditional, although ... terms are fully
explained in the text, as well as in the glossary. We frequently contrast Greek with
English, in order to aid the learner in understanding the linguistic concepts and
categories involved.

The Origins of the Islamic State, Being a Translation from the Arabic, Accompanied with Annotations, Geographic and Historic Notes of the Kitâb Fitûh Al-buldân of Al-Imâm Abu-l Abbâs Ahmad Ibn-Jâbir Al-Balâdhuri

Instructions to 'Amr ibn-Hazm. Al-Husain from Muhammad ibn-Ishak : — The
Prophet wrote the following to 'Amr ibn-Hazm when he sent him to al-Yaman : " In
the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. This is a declaration from
Allah and his Prophet. All ye that have believed ! be faithful to your compacts : *
this is an ordinance from the Prophet Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, to '
Amr ibn-Hazm when he delegated him to al-Yaman. He ordered him to fear Allah
in whatever ...

Genetic and Epigenetic Lesions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

The Impact of Aberrations in Single Genes, Complex Loci and Whole Genomes on the Pathomechanism of CLL

Ghosts of the Past in Southern Thailand

Essays on the History and Historiography of Patani

At the heart of the on-going armed conflict in southern Thailand is a fundamental disagreement about the history of relations between the Patani Malays and the Thai kingdom. While the Thai royalist-nationalist version of history regards Patani as part of that kingdom "since time immemorial," Patani Malay nationalists look back to a golden age when the Sultanate of Patani was an independent, prosperous trading state and a renowned center for Islamic education and scholarship in Southeast Asia — a time before it was defeated, broken up, and brought under the control of the Thai state. While still influential, in recent years these diametrically opposed views of the past have begun to make way for more nuanced and varied interpretations. Patani scholars, intellectuals and students now explore their history more freely and confidently than in the past, while the once-rigid Thai nationalist narrative is open to more pluralistic interpretations. There is growing interaction and dialogue between historians writing in Thai, Malay and English, and engagement with sources and scholarship in other languages, including Chinese and Arabic. In The Ghosts of the Past in Southern Thailand, 13 scholars who have worked on this sensitive region evaluate the current state of current historical writing about the Patani Malays of southern Thailand. The essays in this book demonstrate that an understanding of the conflict must take into account the historical dimensions of relations between Patani and the Thai kingdom, and the ongoing influence of these perceptions on Thai state officials, militants, and the local population.

Essays on the History and Historiography of Patani Anthony Reid, Barbara
Watson Andaya, Geoff Wade, Azyumardi Azra, Numan Hayimasae, Christopher
Joll, Francis R. Bradley, Philip King, Dennis Walker, Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian,
Iik A. Mansurnoor, Duncan McCargo Patrick Jory ...

The Complexity of Human Communication

Most communication research and most applications of that research acknowledge the process nature of comunication. However, the material following that acknowledgement conforms to traditional linear and static approaches treating communicatin as little more than printed text. This print paradigm persists despite repeated calls to explore the more dynamic nature of communication. In this seoond edition, the author updates and expands his argument that communication is a process analogous to the complexity in other livitn systems. Complexity theory models biological processes similara to how chaos theory treats physical and chemical processes.

The book begins with a review of philosophical and social psychological thought as a basis for explaining the mathematical and natural science models. The volume reviews a remarkable range of material stretching over three centuries.

The Columbia Documentary History of Religion in America Since 1945

This unique documentary history brings together manifestos, Supreme Court decisions, congressional testimonies, speeches, articles, book excerpts, pastoral letters, interviews, song lyrics, memoirs, and poems reflecting the vitality, diversity, and changing nature of religious belief and practice in America since 1945. Covering both the center and the margins of American religious life, these documents reflect the role of religion and theology in the civil rights, feminist, and gay rights movements as well as in the conservative responses to these. Issues regarding religion and contemporary American culture are explored in documents about the rise of the evangelical movement and the religious right; the impact of "new" (post-1965) immigrant communities on the religious landscape; the popularity of alternative, New Age, and non-Western beliefs; and the relationship between religion and popular culture. The editors conclude with selections exploring major themes of American religious life at the millennium as well as excerpts that speculate on the future of religion in the United States.

The concept of human rights in Islam is based on two important principles: dignity
of human beings and justice. Islam emphasizes that all human beings are
honored by Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. Allah wants all human beings to live in
peace and harmony and for this reason He wants us to establish justice in this
world. Without justice there is no dignity and without dignity and justice there
cannot be any peace. There are four important principles that we must keep in
mind when ...