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Genetic Algorithms and Fuzzy Logic Systems

Soft Computing Perspectives

Ever since fuzzy logic was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in the mid-sixties and genetic algorithms by John Holland in the early seventies, these two fields widely been subjects of academic research the world over. During the last few years, they have been experiencing extremely rapid growth in the industrial world, where they have been shown to be very effective in solving real-world problems. These two substantial fields, together with neurocomputing techniques, are recognized as major parts of soft computing: a set of computing technologies already riding the waves of the next century to produce the human-centered intelligent systems of tomorrow; the collection of papers presented in this book shows the way. The book also contains an extensive bibliography on fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms.

AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM FOR FUZZY CONTROLLER SYNTHESIS
AND OPTIMIZATION BASED ON SGS-THOMSON'S W.A.R.P. FUZZY
PROCESSOR RINALDO POLUZZI, GIAN GUIDO RIZZOTTO C.A.S.A. Group,
SGS-Thomson Microelectronics, Via Olivetti 2 1-20041 Agrate. Brianza, Milano,
Italy E-mail: {rinaldo . poluzzi , gianguido . rizzotto}<8st . com ANDREA G. B.
TETTAMANZI Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione, Universitd degli Studi di
Milano, Via Comelico ...

Washback in Language Testing

Research Contexts and Methods

Washback refers to the influence of language testing on teaching and learning. This volume, at the important intersection of language testing and teaching practices, presents theoretical, methodological, and practical guidance for current and future washback studies. In the field of language testing, researchers' major interest has traditionally been focused on issues and solving problems inherent in tests in order to increase their reliability and validity. However, the washback effect goes well beyond the test itself to include factors, such as curriculum, teacher and learner behaviors inside and outside the classroom, their perceptions of the test, and how test scores are used. Only recently have researchers started to empirically investigate the phenomenon of washback. This volume of such research serves two essential purposes by: *providing an overview of the complexity of washback and the various contextual factors entangled within testing, teaching, and learning; and *presenting empirical studies from around the world that offer insights into the effects of washback in specific educational contexts and models of research on which future studies can be based. The extensive use of test scores for various educational and social purposes in society nowadays makes the washback effect a high-interest phenomenon in the day-to-day educational activities of teachers, researchers, program coordinators/directors, policymakers, and others in the field of education. Washback in Language Testing: Research Contexts and Methods is a valuable resource for those who are interested in the application of findings to actual teaching and learning situations or conduct washback research in their own contexts, including educational and psychological testing experts, as well as alternative assessment people in all fields, and for policy- and decision-makers in educational and testing organizations.

A literature component: Students were tested on pieces of literature studied
during the 2 school years preceding the test. The rationale for introducing the
new oral matriculation test battery as stated by the Chief Inspector for English, J.
Steiner, ...

Over-the-Counter

Paparazz-Photos from the Coat-Check

"This glamorous and trashy book documents club life like few have ever seen. This 9x10", full color book is smack-full of images taken from the wild perspective of the coat-check [from the nightclub Twilo]. Photographer and designer, Christopher Sams captured New York's most notorious trannies, guidos, ravers and muscle boys baring their souls for the camera. Over the past four years this collection of polaroids, text, photos, and drawings came together to form this harsh, very sexy book!"--Amazon.com

Over the past four years this collection of polaroids, text, photos, and drawings came together to form this harsh, very sexy book!"--Amazon.com.