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Crosscurrents in Second Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theories

The term “crosscurrent” is defined as “a current flowing counter to another.” This volume represents crosscurrents in second language acquisition and linguistic theory in several respects. First, although the main currents running between linguistics and second language acquisition have traditionally flowed from theory to application, equally important contributions can be made in the other direction as well. Second, although there is a strong tendency in the field of linguistics to see “theorists” working within formal models of syntax, SLA research can contribute to linguistic theory more broadly defined to include various functional as well as formal models of syntax, theories of phonology, variationist theories of sociolinguists, etc. These assumptions formed the basis for a conference held at Stanford University during the Linguistic Institute there in the summer of 1987. The conference was organized to update the relation between second language acquisition and linguistic theory. This book contains a selection of (mostly revised and updated) papers of this conference and two newly written papers.

What is the relationship between the field of typology/universals and that of
second language acquisition? The relationship has been an unequal one, with
typology/universals, based on the cross linguistic study of fully functioning adult ...

Typology and Second Language Acquisition

In recent years research on comparative typology has led to reveal regularities and to formulate new constraints upon variation for a broad range of phenomena. As the amount of typological research increased, a growing interest arose for the implications that findings in the typological field might have on second language acquisition. Written by experts in the field of typology and/or second language acquisition, this volume addresses theoretical and empirical issues on structural domains such as relative clauses and possessive constructions as well as pragmatic considerations on information organization in learners productions.

It is generally acknowledged that iconicity - isomorphism and motivational
iconicity (Croft 1990: 164-192) - shapes in some measure grammar in language
use and in the course of language acquisition and of language change. Although
this ...

Second Language Competence

The Acquisition of Complex Syntax in Spanish

This volume looks at the development of linguistic competence and convergence in second language acquisition by analysing the acquisition of complex syntax by non-native learners of Spanish. It looks at the knowledge that is transferred from the native language and the changes that occur as learners become more proficient. It focuses on a particular class of grammatical constructions that are central to understanding the transition from simple to complex syntax in language development: Control, Raising and Exceptional Case Marking structures. The formal properties of these constructions have been described extensively in theoretical syntax. This volume presents an empirical study, as well as a comprehensive review of seminal and current theories, that ultimately seeks to bridge the gap between linguistic theory and its applications.

LANGUAGE. ACQUISITION. This chapter presents previous literature on the
acquisition of Control, Raising and Exceptional Case Marking structures within
the Generative framework, with the aim of providing the backdrop for the
learnability ...

Silence in Second Language Learning

A Psychoanalytic Reading

This text examines the under-researched and often troubling phenomenon of silence in second language learning through a triangulation of SLA research, memoirs and language learner diaries, and psychoanalytic concepts of anxiety, ambivalence, conflict and loss. It moves beyond the view of silence as the mere absence of speech, inviting the reader to consider it as both a psychical event and a linguistic moment in the continuous process of identity formation.

Chapter 3 Looking and Looking Again: Memoirs of Second Language Learning
When I hear my voice, I just hate it ... It is not simply that my ears hate my mouth,
or my mouth hates my eyes. The inner conflict inhabits my entire being.

Exploring Second-language Varieties of English and Learner Englishes

Bridging a Paradigm Gap

The articles in this volume are intended to bridge what Sridhar and Sridhar (1986) have called the 'paradigm gap' between traditional SLA research on the one hand and research into institutionalised second-language varieties in former colonial territories on the other. Since both learner Englishes and second-language varieties are typically non-native forms of English that emerge in language contact situations, it is high time that they are described and compared on an empirical basis in order to draw conceptual and theoretical conclusions with regard to their form, function and acquisition. The present collection of articles places special emphasis on empirical evidence obtained from large-scale analyses of computerised corpora of learner Englishes (such as the International Corpus of Learner English) and of second-language varieties of English (such as the International Corpus of English). It addresses questions such as Are the phenomena we find in ESL and EFL varieties features or errors? or How common and wide-spread are features across contact varieties of English? "

Marianne Hundt and Joybrato Mukherjee University of Zurich and Justus Liebig
University, Giessen The present book goes back to a workshop on “Second-
language varieties of English and learner Englishes” at the First Conference of
the ...

Speech Production and Second Language Acquisition

Part of the "Cognitive Science and Second language Acquisition" series, this volume provides an overview of the field, and proposes an integrative model of how L2 speech is produced. It examines how research on second language and bilingual speech production can be grounded in L1 research conducted in cognitive science and in psycholinguistics.

When investigating how automatic processing works in language production,one
hastoface several problems.The first ofthese isthat researchers greatly disagree
on what is meant by automaticity, and as a result, they often hold conflicting ...

Introducing Second Language Acquisition

Perspectives and Practices

Introducing Second Language Acquisition: Perspectives and Practices represents a clear and concise introduction to the main concepts, issues, and debates in second language acquisition studies aimed specifically at undergraduates encountering the topic for the first time. Follows six fictitious language learners throughout the text whose stories serve to introduce various concepts and issues Contains specific chapters on first language acquisition and bilingualism, as well as explicit references to the most recent and important research Covers key topics including acquisition contexts, theoretical perspectives, language teaching methods, second language development, and individual differences (such as age, aptitude, and motivation) Grabs student attention with lighthearted cartoons that illustrate and reinforce key ideas Features a full range of pedagogical tools to aid student learning, including “language learning in practice” textboxes; bolded new terms defined in the margins; an end-of-book glossary; self-assessment and classroom discussion questions; exercise and project ideas; and further online viewing sections

Research into second language acquisition is a truly multidisciplinary endeavor.
Some of the major disciplines that contribute to SLA include theoretical linguistics
, education,psychology, and sociology. Inthe past several decades, the field of ...

Second Language Acquisition and the Younger Learner

Child's Play?

This new volume of work highlights the distinctiveness of child SLA through a collection of different types of empirical research specific to younger learners. Characteristics of children's cognitive, emotional, and social development distinguish their experiences from those of adult L2 learners, creating intriguing issues for SLA research, and also raising important practical questions regarding effective pedagogical techniques for learners of different ages. While child SLA is often typically thought of as simple (and often enjoyable and universally effortless), in other words, as “child's play”, the complex portraits of young second language learners which emerge in the 16 papers collected in this book invite the reader to reconsider the reality for many younger learners. Chapters by internationally renowned authors together with reports by emerging researchers describe second and foreign language learning by children ranging from pre-schoolers to young adolescents, in home and school contexts, with caregivers, peers, and teachers as interlocutors.

Acquiring Japanese as a second language (JSL) in a naturalistic context A
longitudinal study of a young child from a Processability Theory (PT) perspective
Junko Iwasaki Edith Cowan University In recent times Processability Theory (PT)
 ...

Linguistic Theory in Second Language Acquisition

Suzanne Flynn and Wayne O'Neil Massachusetts Institute of Technology I. INTRODUCTION The theory of Universal Grammar (UG) as explicated e. g. in Chomsky, 1986, has led to explosive developments in the study of natural language as well as to significant advances in the study of first language (L I) acquisition. Most recently. the theory of UG has led to important theore tical and empirical advances in the field of adult second language (L2) acquisition as well. The principle impetus for this development can be traced to the work in linguistics which shifted the study "from behavior or the products of behavior to states of the mind/brain that enter into behavior" (Chomksy. 1986:3). Grammars within this framework are conceived of as theoretical accounts of "the state of the mind/brain of the person who knows a particular language" (Chomsky. 1986:3). Research within fields of language acquisition seeks to isolate and specify the properties of the underlying competence necessary for language learning. Full development of a theory of UG demands study and understanding of the nature of both the formal properties of language and of the language acquisition process itself. However. while there is a tradition of debate and dialogue established between theoretical linguistics and Ll acquisition research. relatively few connections have been made between linguistic theory and L2 acquisition research.

Flynn, Mazurkewich, and White all suggest that the principles involved in first
language acquisition are indeed at work in second language learning. Clahsen,
on the other hand, argues that adults learners resort to other learning strategies
in ...

Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition

This book offers readers a basic grounding in L2 vocabulary acquisition. In addition, it provides theoretical analyses and empirical data regarding Chinese learners of English: their specific learning difficulties, needs, strategies, etc. The book provides an overview of the research in L2 vocabulary acquisition in the last two decades. Linguistic, psycholinguistic, socio-cultural, neurolinguistic, and corpus linguistics analyses are considered. The book constructs a comprehensive framework for Computer Assisted Vocabulary Learning (CAVL). This is achieved by providing an overview of vocabulary learning in CALL and then proposing a big framework within which most vocabulary learning programs can be conceptualized. The author then gives a detailed account of how Chinese learners approach English vocabulary learning. She provides an up-to-date picture of the overall situation regarding the language policies adopted, the traditional, orthodox approach to language learning, and the recent reforms implemented in Chinese universities. General and specific vocabulary learning difficulties encountered by Chinese learners are documented and analysed and empirical studies are reported.

Introduction The term "second language acquisition" (SLA) covers all the main
areas of language, systematized by time-honoured terms like syntax, grammar,
lexis, pronunciation, etc., and covers the mass of research that endeavours to ...