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Language History and Linguistic Modelling: Language history

This work presents a collection of some 130 contributions covering a wide range of topics of interest to historical, theoretical and applied linguistics alike. A major theme is the development of English which is examined on several levels in the light of recent linguistic theory in various papers. The geographical dimension is also treated extensively with papers on controversial aspects of a variety of studies, as are topical linguistic matters from a more general perspective.

Language. imperialism. Arthur. van. Essen. 1. Introduction. Europe has just
emerged from an era during which two great ideologies confronted each other:
that of Capitalism and that of Communism. Capitalism was (and is) often accused
of Imperialism, but if we define 'imperialism' as the kind of relationship between
nations whereby one nation dominates another, it is easy to see that not only
Capitalism is guilty of that crime and that imperialism is likely to be as old as
history itself.

History of Saudi Arabia & Wahabism

At present, the world views Muslims as terrorists and Islam a religion of tyranny especially after 9/11. Thereafter, to my surprise the killing of Muslims right in the mosques and public places around the Muslim countries has become every day affair which I never heard in my life earlier. While so many sects like Wahabi, Qadiyani, Bahai, Ahmadi, Parvezi and many others emerged in the course of past two hundred years through the efforts of Britain. The most cruel and dangerous among them is Wahabi sect formed by Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab Najdi of Saudi Arabia, which declared whoever does not follow them among Muslims, taking their lives, property and their wives is permissible. King Abdul Azeez Ibn e Saud formed armed group by name “Ikhwan” who mercilessly killed thousands of Muslims in Najad. They killed even women, children and old at Taif and throw their dead bodies on the hills. They flattened the graves of the family of Holy Prophet and his companions in the grave yards of Makkah and Madinah. I got serious in finding out the cause of this bloody change and I happened to read the book “Tareekh Najad O Hijaz” written in Urdu language. The book also gives the details about Wahabism. So I translated this book in English and named it “History of Saudi Arabia and Wahabism”. The regime of Saudi Arabia is spending billions of dollars to spread Wahabism in Muslim countries as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabi_movement Holy Book Quran in the Verse 5:8 says in this regard: "O ye who believe! Stand out firmly for God Almighty Allah, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety: and fear Allah. For Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do" May God Almighty Guide Muslims towards Straight Path and Salvation. Amen.

Sheikh Najdi replied hazrat Umer supplicated for rain through Hazrat Abbas and
he did not supplicate through Rasoolullah sallallahu alaihi wasallam. Sheikh
Najdi meant that it not permissible to seek intercession from dead. The person ...

Women's and Gender History

The studies of women and gender are historiographical fields that have benefited greatly from the cultural turnof the past 20 years. In this essay, Edwards surveys recent scholarship in these burgeoning fields, and illustrates effectively how many previous assumptions, especially pertaining to women's history, have been overturned.

In this essay, Edwards surveys recent scholarship in these burgeoning fields, and illustrates effectively how many previous assumptions, especially pertaining to women's history, have been overturned.

The Story of English in 100 Words

The world's foremost expert on the English language takes us on an entertaining and eye-opening tour of the history of our vernacular through the ages. In The Story of English in 100 Words, an entertaining history of the world's most ubiquitous language, David Crystal draws on one hundred words that best illustrate the huge variety of sources, influences and events that have helped to shape our vernacular since the first definitively English word—‘roe'—was written down on the femur of a roe deer in the fifth century. Featuring ancient words (‘loaf'), cutting edge terms that relfect our world (‘twittersphere'), indispensible words that shape our tongue (‘and', ‘what'), fanciful words (‘fopdoodle') and even obscene expressions (the "c word"...), David Crystal takes readers on a tour of the winding byways of our language via the rude, the obscure and the downright surprising.

The playful temperament has produced innumerable word games and
competitions, such as crossword puzzles and Scrabble. And one of the earliest
signs of this temperament in English appears in the form of riddles. It took a while
for the ...

Writing Strategies for U.S. History Classes

A Guide for Teachers

Here is an easy reference guide for teacher to utilize in order to provide students with more than 180 writing activities that can be assigned in U.S. History classes.

Here is an easy reference guide for teacher to utilize in order to provide students with more than 180 writing activities that can be assigned in U.S. History classes.

The History of an Islamic School of Law

The Early Spread of Hanafism

The Hanafi school of law is one of the oldest legal schools of Islam, coming into existence in the eighth century in Iraq, and surviving up to the present. So closely is the early development of the Hanafi school interwoven with non-legal spheres, such as the political, social, and theological, that the study of it is essential to a proper understanding of medieval Islamic history. Using rich material drawn mainly from medieval Islamic biographical dictionaries, Nurit Tsafrir offers a thorough examination of the first century and a half of the school's existence, the period during which it took shape. She provides a detailed account of the process by which the school attracted ever more followers and spread over vast geographical areas in the Islamic world empire. The book makes an important contribution to our understanding of the history of this influential school of law in the broader context of Islamic history. The History of an Islamic School of Law: The Early Spread of Hanafism will be of interest to all those concerned with early and medieval Isalmic history, the history of Islamic schools of law, legal history, and the social history of classical Islam.