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Adult neurogenesis twenty years later: physiological function versus brain repair

The discovery that mammalian brains contain neural stem cells which perform adult neurogenesis - the production and integration of new neurons into mature neural circuits - has provided a fully new vision of neural plasticity. On a theoretical basis, this achievement opened new perspectives for therapeutic approaches in restorative and regenerative neurology. Nevertheless, in spite of striking advancement concerning the molecular and cellular mechanisms which allow and regulate the neurogenic process, its exploitation in mammals for brain repair strategies remains unsolved. In non-mammalian vertebrates, adult neurogenesis also contributes to brain repair/regeneration. In mammals, neural stem cells do respond to pathological conditions in the so called "reactive neurogenesis", yet without substantial regenerative outcome. Why, even in the presence of stem cells in the brain, we lack an effective reparative outcome in terms of regenerative neurology, and which factors hamper the attainment of this goal? Essentially, what remains unanswered is the question whether (and how) physiological functions of adult neurogenesis in mammals can be exploited for brain repair purposes.

published: 25 February 2014 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00032 Claudio Giachino
and Verdon Taylor* Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel,
Switzerland Armen Saghatelyan, Université Laval, Canada Harold Cremer,
Centre ...

Biological Order and Brain Organization

Selected Works of W.R.Hess

The centennial of his birthday (17 March 1881) prompted the publi cation of the Selected Works of Walter Rudolf Hess. Although English translation of several of his monographs have appeared, none of his orig inal papers has ever been published in the English language. During his sci entific career, Hess made pioneering contributions in the field of hemo dynamics, pyhsiological optics, oculomotor diagnostics, regulation of cir culation, respiration and temperature, and finally on the somatomotor, vis ceral, and emotional functions of the diencephalon. His concepts concern ing organization and order in physiology and his views on the important role of the vegetative nervous system in regulating the activity of the central ner vous system are of great interest to science and medicine and were in many respects far in advance of his time. These concepts continue a line of thought which was upheld by such famous physiologists as Xavier Bichat, Claude Bernard, and Walter B. Cannon. Indeed, Walter Rudolf Hess has become one of the rare figures in the recent history of physiology willing to carry out an integrative analysis of bodily functions and to search for the basic principles of regulation and interaction between regulatory systems. In fact, he anticipated such ideas in biology as feedback control and ser vomechanisms long before these notions evolved in the field of engineering and electronics.

1936 1937 1938 1939 Hess, W.R.: Filmdemonstrationen zur Physiologie des
Zwischenhirns. Verh. Schweiz. Physiol. (Juni) pp. 18–19. Basel: Schwabe Hess,
W.R.: Zentrale Vertretung von Hilfsfunktionen des vegetativen Systems. Schweiz.

Logic Beyond Language

Although philosophy has lately seemed increasingly subjective – which usually means uncertain – this book presents a neat answer to the old philosophical question: “what is truth?†Such an answer stems from the behavior of truth itself by following its most elementary contradictions and further developing their consequences. Then, a set of categories emerge, which proves useful in tackling problems as apparently disparate as the origin of time and space, of public and private institutions, and of economic value: Logic Beyond Language provides “almost-Marxian†alternatives to Marx’s own theories of money, exchange, value, and class struggle, lastly finding socialism to be just a dream, or at least not the end of capital. Additionally, those new categories prove useful also in broadly classifying all tentative solutions to the overwhelmingly long-standing logical “Paradox of the Liar,†so it results in just a form of logic beyond language.

Although philosophy has lately seemed increasingly subjective – which usually means uncertain – this book presents a neat answer to the old philosophical question: “what is truth?†Such an answer stems from the ...

Traders' Secrets Psychological & Technical Analysis

Real People Becoming Successful Traders

Sociolinguistics: Subjective and ideological processes in sociolinguistics

Fully indexed and with a comprehensive introduction, this is an essential work of reference and is destined to be welcomed by scholars and students alike as a vital one-stop research resource. It provides key ideas, findings, methods and approaches that make up the interdisciplinary field of sociolinguistics.

Fully indexed and with a comprehensive introduction, this is an essential work of reference and is destined to be welcomed by scholars and students alike as a vital one-stop research resource.

Hydrological, Plankton and Pigment Observations in the Makassar Strait, Madura Strait and Eastern Java Sea by the R.V. Samudera, April 16-May 19, 1975