How groups of people, from various educational settings worlwide, conduct research together is the subject of this book. Rather than wait for top- down policy changes in education, many practitioners are conducting research in order to implement reform from the bottom-up, the aim of this research being to progress action necessary for educational reform. The authors look at different aspects and the impact of action research on educational reform around the world, including: how do geography and philosophy affect differences on this work worldwide?; what is the political nature of groups currently taking action to improve education?; and what are the tensions between personal and instructional changes that come from participating in action research? The text also considers the effects of action research on changes in the professions including education, social work, nursing and management.
Research. Section. Editor: Melanie. Walker. Section 111 looks at the tensions
between personal and pedagogical transformation and research/development/
production. Each author speaks personally about the issues which underlie
tensions between life/theory/work/and reform. The tensions between the lifeworld
and the world of work are laid out in Chapter 12: 'Research', we suggest, is not a
technical set of specialist skills but implicit in social action and close to the ways
in which ...
Tanpa bermaksud menguraikan hal ini lebih lanjut, penulis menggarisbawahi
pendapat asy-Syafi'i yang mengatakan bahwa perempuan ahlulkitab yang halal
dikawini oleh muslim adalah yang menganut agama Yahudi dan Nasrani
sebagaimana yang telah dianut oleh nenek moyang mereka sebelum kerasulan
Muhammad saw. Jadi bagi pemeluk agama ini setelah diturunkan al-Qur'an tidak
termasuk golongan ahlulkitab lagi, karena kalimat: "perempuan-perempuan baik-
baik dari ...
The Scripture for Humane Kings in the Creation of Chinese Buddhism
Politics and Transcendent Wisdom presents a systematic theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between politics and religion in a variety of contexts. This book examines the formation of &"national protection&" Buddhism in China and translates the key text of this important movement. Showing that Buddhist notions of sovereignty were meant and were taken as more than mere metaphor, Orzech examines the profound link between Buddhist notions of transcendence and the deployment of political authority in East Asia. To this integration of philosophical tradition and political history is brought a new understanding of Buddhist cosmology. The contexts of Buddhism as state religion in fifth- and eighth-century China are examined in detail, through extended consideration of the Transcendent Wisdom Scripture for Humane Kings Who Wish to Protect Their States, the text that was the charter for Buddhist state cults in China, Korea, and Japan into the twentieth century. The text first appeared during the fifth century as Buddhists were struggling to understand how their &"foreign&" religion and the &"foreign&" rulers of north China might be adapted to Chinese religious and political culture. The Scripture for Humane Kings and the rites enjoined by it were one answer to these questions. Three centuries later, in the context of a fully sinified Buddhism, the T'ang dynasty Tantric master Pu-k'ung produced a new version of the text with new rites that served as the centerpiece of his vision of a Chinese Buddhist state modeled on esoteric lines. The final section of this volume presents for the first time a full, annotated translation of this important East Asian Buddhist text.
