Lihatlah saja, tehnik tidak terbatas pada satu lapangan saja, misalnya ekonomi,
kesehatan, permainan, bahasa, mengatur negara, bahkan wilayah yang disebut
sangat rohani, seperti hidup keagamaan, semua ini dijalankan dengan tehnik.
The purpose of this research study was to survey clinical research associates (CRAs) to obtain information on their attitudes, beliefs, experiences, and reporting practices related to scientific misconduct in clinical trials. This research extended the research conducted by a group of investigators at the University of Alabama (Pryor, E. R., Habermann, B., & Broome, M. E. [in press]. Scientific misconduct from the perspective of research coordinators: A national survey. Journal of Medical Ethics). Data were collected using the Scientific Misconduct Questionnaire-Revised (2), adapted from the questionnaire used by Pryor et al. There were 108 evaluable responders (13.8%) from 783 deliverable surveys sent to CRAs in the Constella Group, LLC, CRA database. Overall, the perceived frequency of misconduct was low except in two areas: protocol violations and adverse event reporting. Observed scientific misconduct by an investigator was reported by 20% of the respondents, and observed misconduct by other research personnel was reported by 17% of the respondents. CRAs with the least experience (0 to 5 years) were more aware of misconduct than more experienced CRAs. CRAs reported misconduct when they observed it, and almost all of them thought their fellow CRAs also would report observed incidents of scientific misconduct. Site environmental influences and individual behavioral influences were perceived to have an impact on scientific misconduct. These findings were exploratory and expanded the body of knowledge on scientific misconduct to the CRA population. However, because of the low response rate, the results are limited in how they can be generalized to the CRA population.
Ethics and Bioethics Webster's Student Dictionary defines ethics as “moral
principles” (Collin, 1999, p. 152). According to Riis (2001), ethics are “the
collection of fundamental values, attitudes, and norms considered by most of the
population ...
"A compendium of facts, myths, and folklore on using wild plants to attract fish and game, make bows and arrows, bring good luck in the field, treat your ills and those of your horse, sharpen your senses, fashion lines and nets, and much more ..."--Jacket subtitle. Also covers butchering mats, fish baits, fish narcotics, horse food, and herbal horse medicine.
"A compendium of facts, myths, and folklore on using wild plants to attract fish and game, make bows and arrows, bring good luck in the field, treat your ills and those of your horse, sharpen your senses, fashion lines and nets, and much ...
Malpractice and mismanagement of educational system in Indonesia.
Andaikata filsafat tidak menghujam dalam jantung peradaban Islam, menurut
penulis tidak bakalan lahir mahzab-mahzab atau golongan ... Tesis Al Gazali
pula yang membawa Islam pada masa-masa suram peradaban, hingga abad
XXI ini.
S. Budisantoso, Ahmad Yunus, Anto Achadiyat. Penjaja : Laksa penjaja laksa
dari bentuk dan warna alat penjaja yang digunakan. 41.
