How can we understand a system as complex as the brain? Does the brain use the same operational principles to control physical and mental activities? How can we incorporate in a model what we know and what we do not know about the brain?The connectionist model presented in this book provides tools for addressing such questions. Its nodes represent well-established biological facts combined with observations of the overall behaviors of the system. The model is based on comparing and contrasting brains, computers, and neural networks. It defines a framework for understanding the relationships between the brain and the mind. It can serve both as a starting point for developing Artificial Intelligence applications for all levels of mental activities and as a guide in the search for biological correlates of observed behaviors.
However, the actual withdrawal is based on additional information. If the hand
approached the hot object from above, it will be withdrawn upward. If it
approached the object from below, the withdrawal will be downwards. Other than
the cue, the system has also considered the history of the event. This information
may have been encoded as certain motor neurons being active. The reflex
caused the activation of neurons that control antagonistic movements. In all these
cases, the action ...
Issues concerning the unity of minds, bodies and the world have often recurred in the history of philosophy and, more recently, in scientific models. Taking into account both the philosophical and scientific knowledge about consciousness, this book presents and discusses some theoretical guiding ideas for the science of consciousness. The authors argue that, within this interdisciplinary context, a consensus appears to be emerging assuming that the conscious mind and the functioning brain are two aspects of a complex system that interacts with the world. How can this concept of reality - one that includes the existence of consciousness - be approached both philosophically and scientifically? The Unity of Mind, Brain and World is the result of a three-year online discussion between the authors who present a diversity of perspectives, tending towards a theoretical synthesis, aimed to contribute to the insertion of this field of knowledge in the academic curriculum.
A centrally located neural space organized as a rotation-based geometry is
partitioned into three nested zones around the egocentric origin: egocenter, body
zone (here represented by the head alone), and world zone. The latter two house
spatial maps supplied with veridical content reflecting circumstances pertaining
to the physical body and its surrounding world, respectively. In this mapping,
global sensory motion is reflected as movement of the body alone relative to the
world, ...
How do we gain access to things as they are? Although we routinely take our self-made pictures to be veridical representations of reality, in actuality we choose (albeit unwittingly) or construct what we see. By movements of the eyes, the direction of our gaze, we create meaning. In Brain and the Gaze, Jan Lauwereyns offers a novel reformulation of perception and its neural underpinnings, focusing on the active nature of perception. In his investigation of active perception and its brain mechanisms, Lauwereyns offers the gaze as the principal paradigm for perception. In a radically integrative account, grounded in neuroscience but drawing on insights from philosophy and psychology, he discusses the dynamic and constrained nature of perception; the complex information processing at the level of the retina; the active nature of vision; the intensive nature of representations; the gaze of others as visual stimulus; and the intentionality of vision and consciousness. An engaging point of entry to the cognitive neuroscience of perception, written for neuroscientists but illuminated by insights from thinkers ranging from William James to Slavoj Žižek, Brain and the Gaze will give new impetus to research and theory in the field.
Seeing and Grasping Move that barn a little to the left if you would and that
memory of a barn a little to the right until they coincide. That's good. This tiny
poem, entitled “Move,” comes from Michael Palmer's collection Thread (2011, p.
32). The quiet and effective humor derives in surrealist tradition from the
implication of two absurdities, both of which extend our good honest intuitions
beyond the boundaries of (human) nature: the idea that vision would be a form of
grasping, and the idea ...
Legal protection and rights of women as sexual abuse victims in Indonesia.
Legal protection and rights of women as sexual abuse victims in Indonesia.
