The importance of accurate recommender systems has been widely recognized by academia and industry, and recommendation is rapidly becoming one of the most successful applications of data mining and machine learning. Understanding and predicting the choices and preferences of users is a challenging task: real-world scenarios involve users behaving in complex situations, where prior beliefs, specific tendencies, and reciprocal influences jointly contribute to determining the preferences of users toward huge amounts of information, services, and products. Probabilistic modeling represents a robust formal mathematical framework to model these assumptions and study their effects in the recommendation process. This book starts with a brief summary of the recommendation problem and its challenges and a review of some widely used techniques Next, we introduce and discuss probabilistic approaches for modeling preference data. We focus our attention on methods based on latent factors, such as mixture models, probabilistic matrix factorization, and topic models, for explicit and implicit preference data. These methods represent a significant advance in the research and technology of recommendation. The resulting models allow us to identify complex patterns in preference data, which can be exploited to predict future purchases effectively. The extreme sparsity of preference data poses serious challenges to the modeling of user preferences, especially in the cases where few observations are available. Bayesian inference techniques elegantly address the need for regularization, and their integration with latent factor modeling helps to boost the performances of the basic techniques. We summarize the strengths and weakness of several approaches by considering two different but related evaluation perspectives, namely, rating prediction and recommendation accuracy. Furthermore, we describe how probabilistic methods based on latent factors enable the exploitation of preference patterns in novel applications beyond rating prediction or recommendation accuracy. We finally discuss the application of probabilistic techniques in two additional scenarios, characterized by the availability of side information besides preference data. In summary, the book categorizes the myriad probabilistic approaches to recommendations and provides guidelines for their adoption in real-world situations.
Used in conjunction with the Teacher's Guide, Progress Guide and Homework Guide, the Busy Ant Maths Pupil Book 1B is the best way to ensure that pupils achieve all the learning objectives of the new Primary Maths National Curriculum. Collins Busy Ant Maths Activity Book 1B is packed with exciting activities to help build and develop the skills needed to be successful in Maths. Each page features lots of hands-on, highly visual activities with a low level of text to give pupils confidence in learning maths. Activity Book 1B contains: fun activities to consolidate the objectives covered in the daily maths lesson objectives at the top of each page so the child is in control of their own learning space to record answers, providing structure to each exercise simple text. engaging, colourful graphics."
Used in conjunction with the Teacher's Guide, Progress Guide and Homework Guide, the Busy Ant Maths Pupil Book 1B is the best way to ensure that pupils achieve all the learning objectives of the new Primary Maths National Curriculum.
On cultural assimilation in Jakabaring, Palembang, Indonesia in 1972-2011.
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Tersedia di Pustaka Kubang Putih - UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi
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On cultural assimilation in Jakabaring, Palembang, Indonesia in 1972-2011.
