This volume is of interest to science educators, graduate students, and classroom teachers. The book will also be an important addition to any scholarly library focusing on science education, science literacy, and writing. This book is unique in that it synthesizes the research of the three leading researchers in the field of writing to learn science: Carolyn S. Wallace, Brian Hand, and Vaughan Prain. It includes a comprehensive review of salient literature in the field, detailed reports of the authors' own research studies, and current and future issues on writing in science. The book is the first to definitely answer the question, "Does writing improve science learning?". Further, it provides evidence for some of the mechanisms through which learning occurs. It combines both theory and practice in a unique way. Although primarily a tool for research, classroom teachers will also find many practical suggestions for using writing in the science classroom.
SCIENCE. THROUGH. WRITING. Brian Hand Throughout the last 30 years there
has been much attention to ... First, the interactive-constructivist position of
learning theory that guides our ideas of writing as a learning strategy is
presented.
Penolong Kesejahteraan Umat (PKU), Panitia Zakat Fitrah dan hari-hari besar Islam, Badan Penyantun anak yatim dan lain-lain. Pada hakekatnya ke- giatan
sosial merupakan suatu kegiatan tradisional secara turun temurun yang dibina
oleh ...
... tentang rakyat di ujung negeri sedang kehabisan garam untuk keperluan
sehari- hari. Garam juga amat diperlukan, guna menggarami ikan labak- bilis
dan teri begitu bertuah-ruah pada saat sekarang ini. Ampun...Tuanku, kiranya
berkenan di hati Tuanku mohon patik mendapat garam itu. Tidak boleh banyak,
secupak-segantang pun cukuplah. Dapat banyak dibagi sama banyak, bila
sedikit sama-sama dicicipi. Demikianlah harapan patik." "Sungguh bijak Nenek
Sakti bertutur kata, ...
A., holds the bachelor's degree in English from the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill. Her professional experience includes practice both in public
accounting and industrial cost accounting. Mary K. Wcitzer, earned her bachelor
of arts ...
This Third Edition provides the latest tools and techniques that enable computers to learn The Third Edition of this internationally acclaimed publication provides the latest theory and techniques for using simulated evolution to achieve machine intelligence. As a leading advocate for evolutionary computation, the author has successfully challenged the traditional notion of artificial intelligence, which essentially programs human knowledge fact by fact, but does not have the capacity to learn or adapt as evolutionary computation does. Readers gain an understanding of the history of evolutionary computation, which provides a foundation for the author's thorough presentation of the latest theories shaping current research. Balancing theory with practice, the author provides readers with the skills they need to apply evolutionary algorithms that can solve many of today's intransigent problems by adapting to new challenges and learning from experience. Several examples are provided that demonstrate how these evolutionary algorithms learn to solve problems. In particular, the author provides a detailed example of how an algorithm is used to evolve strategies for playing chess and checkers. As readers progress through the publication, they gain an increasing appreciation and understanding of the relationship between learning and intelligence. Readers familiar with the previous editions will discover much new and revised material that brings the publication thoroughly up to date with the latest research, including the latest theories and empirical properties of evolutionary computation. The Third Edition also features new knowledge-building aids. Readers will find a host of new and revised examples. New questions at the end of each chapter enable readers to test their knowledge. Intriguing assignments that prepare readers to manage challenges in industry and research have been added to the end of each chapter as well. This is a must-have reference for professionals in computer and electrical engineering; it provides them with the very latest techniques and applications in machine intelligence. With its question sets and assignments, the publication is also recommended as a graduate-level textbook.
This Third Edition provides the latest tools and techniques that enable computers to learn The Third Edition of this internationally acclaimed publication provides the latest theory and techniques for using simulated evolution to achieve ...
