On critical method of hadith.
On critical method of hadith.
The centennial of his birthday (17 March 1881) prompted the publi cation of the Selected Works of Walter Rudolf Hess. Although English translation of several of his monographs have appeared, none of his orig inal papers has ever been published in the English language. During his sci entific career, Hess made pioneering contributions in the field of hemo dynamics, pyhsiological optics, oculomotor diagnostics, regulation of cir culation, respiration and temperature, and finally on the somatomotor, vis ceral, and emotional functions of the diencephalon. His concepts concern ing organization and order in physiology and his views on the important role of the vegetative nervous system in regulating the activity of the central ner vous system are of great interest to science and medicine and were in many respects far in advance of his time. These concepts continue a line of thought which was upheld by such famous physiologists as Xavier Bichat, Claude Bernard, and Walter B. Cannon. Indeed, Walter Rudolf Hess has become one of the rare figures in the recent history of physiology willing to carry out an integrative analysis of bodily functions and to search for the basic principles of regulation and interaction between regulatory systems. In fact, he anticipated such ideas in biology as feedback control and ser vomechanisms long before these notions evolved in the field of engineering and electronics.
1936 1937 1938 1939 Hess, W.R.: Filmdemonstrationen zur Physiologie des
Zwischenhirns. Verh. Schweiz. Physiol. (Juni) pp. 18–19. Basel: Schwabe Hess,
W.R.: Zentrale Vertretung von Hilfsfunktionen des vegetativen Systems. Schweiz.
The thalidomide tragedy which occurred slightly more than a decade ago made public officials and the general public acutely aware of the teratogenic potential of drugs. Although specialists in pharmacology and developmental biology had been studying this problem many years before, this catastrophic episode triggered the passage of legislation which required that information about the teratogenicity of drugs be produced before the drugs could be available to the general public. Gross deformities in man produced by drugs are frequently difficult to reproduce in experimental animals and the changes which are produced in other animals are frequently not translatable to humans. The problem of evaluating the potential that drugs have to produce gross malformations is small, however, compared to the evaluation of subtle but permanent behavioral effects which drugs may exert upon the developing organism. Nevertheless, many experimental studies in recent years indicate that subtle biochemical changes produced by drugs on brain tissue during critical periods of fetal or early post natal maturation may become manifest subsequently as behavioral deviations in early childhood or adolescence. Hyperkinetic disorders, epilepsies and other developmental disabilities may have a subtle biochemical imbalance, perhaps drug induced, as an underlying factor. This symposium was organized with the intent of bringing to gether prominent investigators who are working in different aspects of brain development and who are interested in the effects of drugs on the developing brain in order to discuss their findings, pro pose new theories, and open new avenues for future research.
S. Karger, Basel, 1971, p. 231. *Kartzinel et al., In: "Influence of Hormones on the
Nervous System", Basel, 1971, p. 296. 3Ford and Rhines, Acta Neurolog.
Scandinav. 45: 529–539, 1969. 4.Ford and Cohan, Acta Anat. 71: 311-319, 1968.
The International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology organized its second congress in Budapest between 1 and 3 July, 1971. The sudden death on the 27th of July, 1970, of Professor Max Reiss, the President of the Society, nearly caused a break in the preparation ofthe Congress, but with the invaluable help of Professor Donald H. Ford, Treasurer and Acting President, and Professor Francesca Brambilla, Secretary of the Society, the Organizing Committee surmounted the difficulties. The Organizing Committee of the Congress set out five main topics discussed in five sections by invited lecturers and collective papers by regis tered discussants. Technically, the Congress was organized by the Hungarian Physiological Society in cooperation with the Federation of Hungarian Medical Societies in the building of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Thanks to the generosity of the Medical Section of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences we are able to publish the Pro ceedings of the Congress by the Publishing House of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences jointly with Plenum Press, New York. The Congress was sponsored by the International Society of Psychoneuroendo crinology, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Hungarian Pharmaceutical Industry, the Factory of Electronic Measuring Instruments, the Upjohn Co., Kalamzoo, Michigan and the Wellcome Research Laboratory, Langley Court, Backenhom, Kent, England. On behalf of the Organizing Committee may I ex press our grateful thanks for their generous assistance which, despite many difficulties, made the successful organization of an international congress possible.
REFERENCES CRIGHTON, D. B., WATANABE, S., DHARIw AL, A. P. S. and
MCCANN, S. M. (1968): Proc. Soc. eacp. Biol. (N. Y.) 128, 537. DAviD, M. A.,
FRASCHIN1, F. and MARTINI, L. (1965): Eacperientia (Basel) 21, 483.
FRAsCHINI, F.
