Sebanyak 1773 item atau buku ditemukan

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: 2014 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Press Release; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

KEY ISSUES Context. Over the past decade, Afghanistan has made enormous progress in reconstruction, development and lifting per capita income. Security and political uncertainties, and weak institutions have constrained growth and weighed on social outcomes. With significant reform efforts and donor support, Afghanistan has maintained macroeconomic stability, implemented important structural reforms, and built policy buffers, but significant vulnerabilities remain. The IMF has been supporting Afghanistan through technical assistance and a three-year Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement. Reviews under the ECF arrangement have been delayed. Outlook and risks. 2014 is a crucial year in the political and security transitions and the run-up to the “transformation decade” (2015–24). Assuming smooth political and security transitions, continued reform and donor financing, the outlook should be positive. Large security and development expenditure needs and a limited domestic revenue capacity mean that Afghanistan will remain dependent on donor financing for an extended period. Macroeconomic stability, structural reforms, and political and security stability are needed to ensure inclusive growth. Risks, mostly on the downside, are related to adverse domestic or regional security developments, political instability, inadequate implementation of economic policies, and donor fatigue. Policy recommendations. The authorities’ economic strategy (maintaining macroeconomic stability, strengthening the financial sector, improving economic governance, and moving toward fiscal sustainability) remains appropriate and needs strengthened implementation. Sustained implementation of this strategy will safeguard growth and build buffers to help manage shocks. Policies should continue to aim at strengthening revenue collection, managing money growth to control inflation while preserving exchange rate flexibility, strengthening bank supervision, and quickly enacting anti-money laundering (AML), countering financing of terrorism (CFT), banking, central bank, and value-added tax legislation.

Detailed information on opium cultivation and prices is available but information
on other economic linkages of the drug industry (e.g., trade and financial flows)
remains scarce, in light of the post-conflict and development status of Afghanistan
.

Contribution of Islamic Thought to Modern Economics

Proceedings of the Economics Seminar Held Jointly by Al Azhar University and the International Institute of Islamic Thought, Cairo, 1988/1409

Muslim countries are facing serious problems in managing their economic life. Their inherited colonial ways of achieving economic aims are in basic contradiction to certain aspects of Islamic values and intended economic goals. Thus, it is imperative for Muslim countries endeavoring to escape underdevelopment and social injustice to turn to Islamic teaching and the Islamic way of harnessing human potentials to improve economic conditions and ascertain the necessary requirement for effective economic development.Islamic economics, as developed by Muslim jurists and social scientists (fuqaha'), needs to be recast in modern terms and developed further to deal with complex realities of the modern society. This book is one step on the long march to Islamizing the science of economics. It contains a selection of papers from the proceedings of the economic conference held in Cairo in 1988. These papers are a valuable contribution to the cause of modernizing Islamic economics.

The third paper, by Chapra, is centered around economic development strategy.
He explores the differences between what he calls the imported development
strategy and the Islamic development strategy. Imported strategies have been
tried ...

Islamic Republic of Mauritania: 2014 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Press Release and Statement by the Executive Director for the Islamic Republic of Mauritania

KEY ISSUES Context. Mauritania’s economy has benefited from macroeconomic stability and high growth in the context of contained inflation, responsible macro-policies, high iron ore prices and scaled-up public investment. However, economic growth has not translated into broadly improved living standards and is being hit by a sharp decline in iron ore prices. Outlook and Risks. Although the outlook remains favorable, it hinges heavily on stabilizing iron ore prices and expanding mining capacity. Downside risks to the outlook dominate because iron ore prices may decline further in response to excess supply in the global market. Key Policy Recommendations. With high risk of debt distress and deteriorating terms of trade, Mauritania’s fiscal policy needs to remain focused on consolidation to support fiscal sustainability. Over the medium term, a fiscal framework with a full-fledged fiscal rule will help prevent the boom–bust cycles that ensue from volatility in natural resource revenue, and with strengthened governance in managing mining wealth. The central bank should take advantage of the low-inflation environment to strengthen monetary policy formulation, gradually liberalize the foreign exchange market, and introduce liquidity support and banking resolution frameworks. The implementation of the recent FSAP recommendations should be pursued to enhance the stability of the financial sector stability. Economic diversification and inclusive growth are the foremost medium-term challenges. The authorities should accelerate structural reforms needed to raise Mauritania’s potential growth, create jobs, and improve living standards for all Mauritanians. Article VIII. A comprehensive analysis of the foreign exchange market identified exchange restrictions and multiple currency practices (MCPs) subject to Fund approval under Article VIII. Effective November 20, 2013, the exchange rate regime is classified as “stabilized” arrangement.

7. Millennium. Development. Goals,. 1990–2015. PRSP MDGs 1990 1996 2000
2002 2004 2008 2011 2015 2015 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Overall poverty incidence 56.6 50.0 46.3 ... 46.7 42.0 ... 25.0 28.3 Incidence of
poverty ...

Manajemen humas di lembaga pendidikan

konsep, fenomena, dan aplikasinya

Public relation management in educational institutions.

Public relation management in educational institutions.

Sejarah birokrasi pemerintahan Indonesia dahulu dan sekarang

Dalam Tabel 1 dapat dilihat bahwa ke 14 orang itu pernah belajar agama baik di
dayah maupun di sekolah agama ... yang sekarang men- jadi hakim anggota
tidak tetap pada Pengadilan Agama/Mahkamah Syar'iyah di Lhokseumawe.

Developing an Integrated Drug Information System

Toolkit Module 1

The module in the Global Assessment Programme (GAP) toolkit contains methodological guidance on the development of culturally appropriate systems for the collection of reliable and internationally comparable drug abuse data, in order to support existing drug information systems by promoting their conformity with internationally recognised standards of good practice, and to focus on harmonisation of drug abuse indicators.

Coverage of the system Having reviewed the country situation, it must be
considered at what level the integrated drug information system is to operate. In
other words, is it going to be a national system, a regional system, or a local or
city ...

Software Engineering 2

Specification of Systems and Languages

The art, craft, discipline, logic, practice and science of developing large-scale software products needs a professional base. The textbooks in this three-volume set combine informal, engineeringly sound approaches with the rigor of formal, mathematics-based approaches. This volume covers the basic principles and techniques of specifying systems and languages. It deals with modelling the semiotics (pragmatics, semantics and syntax of systems and languages), modelling spatial and simple temporal phenomena, and such specialized topics as modularity (incl. UML class diagrams), Petri nets, live sequence charts, statecharts, and temporal logics, including the duration calculus. Finally, the book presents techniques for interpreter and compiler development of functional, imperative, modular and parallel programming languages. This book is targeted at late undergraduate to early graduate university students, and researchers of programming methodologies. Vol. 1 of this series is a prerequisite text.

9.5.4 System Diagram Languages We started with a systems view formulated in
terms of conventional (to wit: mechanical) engineering diagrams. And we
supplied "ourselves" , being in software engineering, data structure diagrams.

Soft Computing in Software Engineering

This book illustrates the impact of soft computing techniques on software engineering research and practices dealing with a range of novel methods reshaping the software development process. Specifically, it is shown how Software Engineering tasks such as reuse-oriented classification (e.g. components’ repositories), software diagnostic (e.g. bug detection and correction), effort prediction (e.g. project costs and time estimation), planning (e.g. project scheduling) and others can be appropriately handled by means of soft computing techniques. The book is a valuable reference for practitioners as well as an updated resource of ongoing interdisciplinary research in Soft Computing in Software Engineering.

Ernesto Damiani1, Lakhmi Jain2, and Mauro Madravio1 1 Department of
Information Technology University of Milan edamiam, mmadravio9crema.ux1in1i.
it 2 Knowledge-based Engineering Systems (KES) Center University of South
Australia ...

Testing and Securing Android Studio Applications

If you are a developer with some Android knowledge, but you do not know how to test your applications using Android Studio, this book will guide you. It is recommended that you are familiar with Android Studio IDE.

... SSL and TLS certificate, creating / Server and client certificates Keytool /
Keytool inthe terminal Android Studio/ Android Studio examples / Code examples
using HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) / Software security
terms ...

Central Bank Reform in the Transition Economies

Since 1992, the central banks of the Baltic states and the Commonwealth of Independent States have undertaken comprehensive reform of their monetary and exchange arrangements in support of their stabilization efforts. Their efforts have been supported by extensive technical assistance provided by the IMF and 23 central banks. This book edited by V. Sundararajan, Arne B. Peterson, and Gabriel Sensenbrenner, contains the background papers prepared for the second joint coordinating meeting of participants. That meeting focused on the progress of structural reforms in central banking and bank restructuring and identified priorities for the deepening of reforms. The book documents the remarkable progress achieved by the Baltic and CIS central banks and the catalytic role they have played in financial market development.

These reforms have also included improvements in internal control processes
and the setting up of a separate Internal Audit Department at the central bank. A
number of accounting reforms have been introduced at the central bank, and a
new ...