Professor Devitt offers a new view of the linguistic process of standardization, the movement of specific language features towards uniformity. Drawing on theoretical arguments and empirical data, she examines the way in which linguistic conformity develops out of variation, and the textual and social factors that influence this process. After defining and clarifying the general theoretical issues involved, the author takes as a specific case study the standardization of written English in Scotland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and shows that standardization is a gradual process, that it occurs at significantly different rates and times in different genres, that it encompasses periods of great variation, and that it occurs concurrently with sociopolitical shifts. The interrelationship of linguistic features, genres, and social pressures shape the nature and direction of standardization.
... of course, expect to be able to see this mathematical regularity in real linguistic
changes, if for no other reason than that we have ... Several other studies by
Wang and his colleagues have provided further support for lexical diffusion, but.
as ...
This book tells the story of the contacts and conflicts between muslims and christians in Southeast Asia during the Dutch colonial history from 1596 until 1950. The author draws from a great variety of sources to shed light on this period: the letters of the colonial pioneer Jan Pietersz. Coen, the writings of 17th century Dutch theologians, the minutes of the Batavia church council, the contracts of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) with the sultans in the Indies, documents from the files of colonial civil servants from the 19th and 20th centuries, to mention just a few. The colonial situation was not a good starting-point for a religious dialogue. With Dutch power on the increase there was even less understanding for the religion of the muslims . In 1620 J.P. Coen, the strait-laced calvinist, had actually a better understanding and respect for the muslims than the liberal colonial leaders from the early 20th century, convinced as they were of western supremacy.
When this book was first published in a Dutch edition in 1991, post-colonial
Indonesia was seen as an example of a harmonious and peaceful cohabitation of
a minority of some 9% Christians amidst the world's largest Muslim majority
country (in 2005 Muslims counted 87%, or some 205 million, out of 220 million
citizens. At that time I had just finished seven years of teaching at the State
Academy of Islamic Studies in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. In Jakarta I had lived with
my family on the ...
How did English notions of sovereignty, empire and law impact their methods of settlement in the Americas?
At the same time, Elizabeth was holding prisoner her cousin, Mary Queen of
Scots, whom domestic and foreign Catholics intrigued to place on the English
throne. It was also toward the end of the 1570s that Elizabeth began outwardly
showing sympathy for the Dutch desire to revolt against the Spanish rule of Philip
II, the queen's former brother-in-law and suitor. Within this tenuous political
climate, in which a few false steps in the direction of North America could lead to
war, Elizabeth ...
Further Note on the Apology of Al-Kindy. By Sir W. Mum, K.C.S.I., D.C.L., LL.D. "
W1th reference to my paper on the Apology of Al-Kindy, I have received the
following letter from Professor Ignatius Guidi, dated Rome, 24th February : — "
You will be glad to hear that in the Propaganda Library (Museo Borgiani) I found
a MS. of the Apology of Al-Kindi, together with the letter of his Moslem friend. The
amanuensis was, I think, a Jacobite (the MS. is written in Karshuni character),
hence he ...
Social and political conditions of community during the administration of Sultan Alauddin, the 14th king of Gowa in Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan Province, Indonesia.
Social and political conditions of community during the administration of Sultan Alauddin, the 14th king of Gowa in Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan Province, Indonesia.
History of Aceh in combating Portuguese occupation from 1500 to 1579.
Naskah ini sangat penting diterbitkan karena membahas tentang reaksi Aceh
terhadap hegemoni barat. Sebuah reaksi yang sangat wajar apabila kita melihat
Portugis telah menginjak-injak kedaulatan sebuah negara. Tidak satupun
bangsa di dunia diperbolehkan melanggar kedaulatan sebuah bangsa dan
penjajahan di atas dunia harus dihapuskan. Untuk itu, hasil penulisan “Respons
Islam terhadap Hegemoni Barat Aceh versus Portugis (1500-1579)” karya Amirul
Hadi, Ph.D ...
Festschrift in honor of Kamajaya, b. 1915, Indonesian nationalist.
