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Introduction to Late Modern English

Some twenty years ago it was widely believed that nothing much happened to the English language since the beginning of the eighteenth century. Recent research has shown that this is far from true, and this book offers an introduction to a period that forms the tail end of the standardisation process (codification and prescription), during which important social changes such as the Industrial Revolution are reflected in the language. Late Modern English is currently receiving a lot of scholarly attention, mainly as a result of new developments in sociohistorical linguistics and corpus linguistics. By drawing on such research the present book offers a much fuller account of the language of the period than was previously possible. It is designed for students and beginning scholars interested in Late Modern English. The volume includes: * a basis in recent research by which sociolinguistic models are applied to earlier stages of the language (1700-1900) * a focus on people as speakers (wherever possible) and writers of English* Research questions aimed at acquiring skills at working with important electronic research tools such as Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO), the Oxford English Dictionary and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* Reference to electronically available texts and databases such as Martha Ballard's Diary, the Proceedings of the Old Bailey and Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management.

(1797), A Vocabulary of such Words in the English Language as are of Dubious
or Unsettled Accentuation; in which the Pronunciation of Sheridan, Walker, and
other Orthoepists is Compared, London. Anon. (1826), The Vulgarities of Speech
Corrected, London. Bailey, Nathan (1721), Universal Etymological English
Dictionary, London. Baker, Robert (1770), Reflections on the English Language,
London. Batchelor, T. (1809), An Orthoëpical Analysis of the English Language,
London.

Varieties of Modern English

An Introduction

The 'story' of English is continually re-told and re-written, as more and more people use the language and have a part in shaping the way it develops. Varieties of Modern English provides a critical introduction to the study of regional, social, gendered, context- and medium-related varieties of the language, and explores some of the debates concerning the role and impact of English in different parts of the world today. Beginning by outlining the main types of variation in language, the book focuses on the link between language or dialect and the construction of both group and individual identities. Issues of identity are crucial to chapters on the roots of Modern English, on gender and English, on ethnicity and English and on English as an international language. As well as looking at a range of 'users' of the language, Davies also explores many of its 'uses' and modes, including the English of literary texts, advertising, newspaper reporting and commentary, political speeches, email and text messaging. Written in a discursive, student-friendly style, the book also provides: * A rich mix of illustrative material * End-of-chapter Activities and related Comments at the end of the book * Suggestions for further reading Varieties of Modern English provides a thought-provoking overview of its subject and will be invaluable reading for students of English Language and Linguistics.

No study of varieties of English in the modern era can afford to ignore the key
events and influences in the development of the language. In this chapter we will
look at the roots of 'modern' English, at the standardisation processes that have
accompanied the language and its evolution into a 'global' language and
international lingua franca. Modern English is most simply defined as a third
stage in the history of the language, beginning around 1450 (the first two being
the Old English ...

The Linguistic Structure of Modern English

This text is for advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in contemporary English, especially those whose primary area of interest is English as a second language, primary or secondary-school education, English stylistics, theoretical and applied linguistics, or speech pathology. The emphasis is on empirical facts of English rather than any particular theory of linguistics; the text does not assume any background in language or linguistics. In this newly revised edition numerous example sentences are taken from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. A full glossary of key terms, an additional chapter on pedagogy and new sections on cognitive semantics and politeness have been added. Other changes include: completely updated print references; web links to sites of special interest and relevance; and a revised, reader-friendly layout. A companion website that includes a complete workbook with self-testing exercises and a comprehensive list of web links accompanies the book. The website can be found at the following address: http: //dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.156.workbook Students completing the text and workbook will acquire: a knowledge of the sound system of contemporary English; an understanding of the formation of English words; a comprehension of the structure of both simple and complex sentence in English; a recognition of complexities in the expression of meaning; an understanding of the context and function of use upon the structure of the language; and an appreciation of the importance of linguistic knowledge to the teaching of English to first and second-language learners. Laurel J. Brinton is Professor of English Language at the University of British Columbia. Donna M. Brinton is Senior Lecturer in TESOL at the University of Southern California's Rossier School of Education."The Linguistic Structure of Modern English" is a revised edition of "The Structure of Modern English" by Laurel J. Brinton (2000).

A number of phonemic rules for specific English phonemes and their allophones
are stated. The chapter then treats the topic of phonological rules, which account
generally for allophonic variation in English. This is followed by a description of
the constraints on possible positions for sounds and possible sound
combinations in English. The chapter then turns to the features of stress and
intonation in English, features which extend over more than one sound. The
characteristics of stress ...

Studies in Early Modern English

The future of English linguistics as envisaged by the editors of Topics in English Linguistics lies in empirical studies which integrate work in English linguistics into general and theoretical linguistics on the one hand, and comparative linguistics on the other. The TiEL series features volumes that present interesting new data and analyses, and above all fresh approaches that contribute to the overall aim of the series, which is to further outstanding research in English linguistics.

From stress-timing to syllable-timing: changes in the prosodic system of Late
Middle English and Early Modern English Manfred Markus 1. Introduction At the
International Conference on Language Contact and Linguistic Change at
Rydzyna (near Poznari) on 5 -8 June, 1991, one of the papers, presented by
Gasiorowski, dealt with the intricate question of how word stress changed in
Middle English due to the impact of Anglo-Norman loan words. Present-day
English word stress was ...

Descriptive Adequacy of Early Modern English Grammars

The book deals with the development of descriptive models of English grammar writing during the Early Modern English period. For the first time, morphology and syntax as presented in Early Modern English grammars are systematically investigated as a whole. The statements of the contemporary grammarians are compared to hypotheses made in modern descriptions of Early Modern English and, where necessary, checked against the Early Modern English part of the Helsinki Corpus. Thus, a comprehensive overview of the characteristic features of Early Modern English is complemented by conclusions about the descriptive adequacy of Early Modern English grammars. It becomes evident that comments by contemporary authors occasionally reflect the corpus data more adequately than the statements found in modern secondary literature. This book is useful for (advanced) university students, as well as for scholars of English and grammarians in general.

Yet it was shown that Bullokar modifies the model in order to include typical
features of English. Examples are the description of adjectives or the reduction of
the number of genders. Compared to Bullokar' s grammar, Poole's work is a
faithful copy of Lily's which offers no room for the characteristics of the English
language. Poole's achievements are therefore to be regarded less highly than
Bullokar's 60 years before. The influence of Latin grammar is noticeable in the
majority of the ...

A Dictionary of Modern English Usage

This dictionary aims to help users to find the most appropriate word to use on a wide range of occasions. It is designed in particular for students, those writing reports, letters and speeches, and crossword solvers, but is also useful as a general word reference. Special features include: an alphabetical A-Z listing; numbered senses for words with more than one meaning; British and American variants; and specially marked colloquial uses.

This dictionary aims to help users to find the most appropriate word to use on a wide range of occasions.

Sikap budaya antri masayarakat [i.e. masyarakat] Kota Yogyakarta

Attitude of urban society in Yogyakarta towards queuing.

Attitude of urban society in Yogyakarta towards queuing.

Just the Facts, Ma'am

A Writer's Guide to Investigators and Investigation Techniques

With practical information and extensive detail, former PI Fallis uses real-life scenarios to show writers how investigative professionals gather evidence, interview witnesses, determine motives and find the answers they seek.'

I also had him describe Becker's appearance on that day (in case he'd cut his
hair since the murder): mustache and short hair. I spoke to Eddie Barton, who
gave Becker a lift from his apartment to the Ford dealership in nearby Rochester.
Barton said he hadn't noticed any unusual behavior by Becker, although he had
seemed excited about the prospect of buying a pickup. I made an unannounced
visit to the dealership and talked to the woman who had discussed the truck with
Becker.