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Research and Development in Expert Systems V

Proceedings of Expert Systems 88, the Eighth Annual Technical Conference of the British Computer Society Specialist Group on Expert Systems, Brighton, 12-15 December 1988

This volume contains the refereed and invited papers from the eleventh annual conference of the British Computer Society's Specialist Group on Expert Systems, held in London in September 1991.

KNOWLEDGE BASE TO AID PRODUCTIVITY AND MAINTENANCE J. Milan and
C.E.Munt Computer Department Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Surrey SM2
5PT Abstract A software toolset has been developed which enables knowledge ...

Total Quality in Research and Development

The present environment for research and development in business can be characterized in two simple words: inconsistent horizons. As the rapid development of technology and the number of new scientific discoveries have led to tremendous change, businesses have modified their entire corporate structure, downsizing, and operating in a constant state of flux. This environment with its inconsistency makes R&D a risky venture. Total Quality in Research and Development looks at these problems and presents models, systems, and paradigms that offer a systematic improvement process for businesses and their management. The unparalleled challenge faced by those working in R&D functions is examined, offering beneficial approaches for implementing total quality improvement efforts. This book shows how TQ promotes rather than stifles inventiveness, ingenuity, and individual accomplishment. Through collaborative efforts, both team and individual performance initiates and maintains clear objectives as well as produces the optimal environment for the prospering of research. The total quality systems presented here are not just a system, method, or philosophy, but rather a working model for daily operations. This valuable and practical working model examines actual daily work practices, guideposts and measurements for success, and management practices that stress creativity and group achievements that support company goals.

The development of corporate research laboratories reflected the structure of the
organization.7 The development of industrial research was associated with
expansion and diversification in the activities and products of manufacturing firms
.7 ...

Research and Development in Indian Industry

DEVELOPMENT. Introduction Before examining institutional collaborations in
undertaking R&D, it may be worthwhile to know the organisation of R&D in India.
There are various types of agencies that are engaged in R&D activity. A number
of ...

Contract Research and Development Organizations

Their Role in Global Product Development

The last 10 years have seen a seismic shift in therapeutic product development and testing. In both the pharmaceutical (both small and large molecule) and medical device sectors, the vast majority of testing and evaluation of products is not performed within innovator companies, but rather has been outsourced to a growing universe of commercial organizations. The authors both have more than 30 years experience in this field, and both have worked within innovator companies, for CROs, and as consultants in the field. Contract Research and Development Organizations: Their Role in Global Product Development has been crafted by these authors to provide a how to guide for all aspects of working with CROs in selecting, working with and ensuring the best possible desirable outcome of having the R&D function, or substantial parts of it, outsourced. It uses as the exemplary case nonclinical safety assessment, biocompatibility and efficacy testing which are to be performed to select the best possible candidate compound, device or formulation and then moving the resulting regulated therapeutic medical product into and through the development process and to marketing approval. But also covered are the contract synthesis of drug substances and corresponding manufacture of biologics and manufacture of products, formulation development, clinical evaluation, regulatory and document preparation support, and use of consultants. Included in the volume are an exhaustive listing of those CROs in the (drug and device) safety evaluation sector and their contact information and capabilities, and extensive similar listing for the other types of contract service providers. Also included are guidances on how to monitor ongoing work at contract facilities and audit check lists for GLP, GMP and GCP facilities. These listings are international in scope, and a specific chapter addresses working with some of the newer international CROs.

Their Role in Global Product Development Shayne C. Gad, Charles B. Spainhour
. Chapter. 2. Pharmaceutical. Development. The process by which a new
therapeutic entity is discovered and developed to the point that it is available to
patients ...

Statistical Issues in Drug Research and Development

One reflected efforts of the Combination Drug Development Work Group and
other efforts of the Crossover Designs Work Group. Nine members of these work
groups presented papers or were discussants at these sessions. They were Hans
 ...

Research and Development in Expert Systems VIII

Proceedings of 11th Annual Technical Conference of the BCS Specialist Group, September 1991

This volume contains the refereed and invited papers from the eleventh annual conference of the British Computer Society's Specialist Group on Expert Systems, held in London in September 1991.

Butler, A., Chamberlin, G. (1987). The Aries Club - Experience of Expert Systems
In Insurance & Investment, in Research & Development in Expert Systems IV, pp.
246-257, Moralee, D.S. (Ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Mathematical Proficiency for All Students: Toward a Strategic Research and Development Program in Mathematics Education

A clear need exists for substantial improvement in mathematics proficiency in U.S. schools. The RAND Mathematics Study Panel was convened to inform the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Educational Research and Improvement on ways to improve the quality and usability of education research and development (R&D). The panel identified three areas for focused R&D: development of teachers' mathematical knowledge used in teaching; teaching and learning of skills needed for mathematical thinking and problem-solving; and teaching and learning of algebra from kindergarten through the 12th grade.

Given that the quality of instruction depends fundamentally on what teachers do
with students to develop their mathematical proficiency, and given that what
teachers can do depends fundamentally on their knowledge of mathematics, we
 ...

A history of the Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers.

his background paper is a brief history of the Department of Defense (DoD)
Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs), with a focus
on those that are study and analysis centers. As part of the Office of Technology ...

Computer Applications in Pharmaceutical Research and Development

A unique, holistic approach covering all functions and phases of pharmaceutical research and development While there are a number of texts dedicated to individual aspects of pharmaceutical research and development, this unique contributed work takes a holistic and integrative approach to the use of computers in all phases of drug discovery, development, and marketing. It explains how applications are used at various stages, including bioinformatics, data mining, predicting human response to drugs, and high-throughput screening. By providing a comprehensive view, the book offers readers a unique framework and systems perspective from which they can devise strategies to thoroughly exploit the use of computers in their organizations during all phases of the discovery and development process. Chapters are organized into the following sections: * Computers in pharmaceutical research and development: a general overview * Understanding diseases: mining complex systems for knowledge * Scientific information handling and enhancing productivity * Computers in drug discovery * Computers in preclinical development * Computers in development decision making, economics, and market analysis * Computers in clinical development * Future applications and future development Each chapter is written by one or more leading experts in the field and carefully edited to ensure a consistent structure and approach throughout the book. Figures are used extensively to illustrate complex concepts and multifaceted processes. References are provided in each chapter to enable readers to continue investigating a particular topic in depth. Finally, tables of software resources are provided in many of the chapters. This is essential reading for IT professionals and scientists in the pharmaceutical industry as well as researchers involved in informatics and ADMET, drug discovery, and technology development. The book's cross-functional, all-phases approach provides a unique opportunity for a holistic analysis and assessment of computer applications in pharmaceutics.

History of Computers in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A Narrative
Donald B. Boyd and Max M. Marsh 2. Computers as Data Analysis and Data
Management Tools in Preclinical Development Weiyong Li and Kenneth Banks 3
.

Practical Guide to Research and Development Tax Incentives

Federal, State, and Foreign

CCH's Practical Guide to Research and Development Tax Incentives--Federal, State, and Foreign by Michael Rashkin, J.D., LL.M., provides something that has been missing in professional tax literature--authoritative, comprehensive coverage of this complex and evolving topic. This newly expanded resource is practical, easy to follow, easy to understand, and is particularly effective at clarifying and demystifying this complex subject. It provides well-written, detailed guidance on claiming the federal credit for increasing research activities and the deduction for R & D expenditures. In doing so, it explains the elements of qualified research, exclusions, computational rules, and basic research payment credits. Historically, the IRS has been vigilant in denying R & D credits. This resource explains how to satisfy the IRS's requirements, document the credit, and defend against IRS challenges. It also examines research incentives offered by individual states and describes the R & D incentives available in the major economies of the world, offering helpful charts that show the key differences among the various countries.

For tax years that begin on or after January 1, 2006, a taxpayer that is engaged in
research and development of a qualified technology (namely, a two-mode hybrid
system primarily for the propulsion of a motor vehicle) may claim a credit equal ...