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Essential Skills in Mathematics

A Comparative Analysis of American and Japanese Assessments of Eighth Graders

Presents a comparison of 8th grade math students in the U.S. and Japan, combined with an accompanying analysis of the curricular intents for students in each country. The study makes use of data drawn from the Japanese National Institute of Educational Research's Special Study on Essential Skills in Math and data from U.S. student performance on the 1990 and 1992 NAEP math assessment. Each of the studies described examined content achievement assessments, students' and teachers' beliefs and attitudes, as well as environmental characteristics of the classroom, school, and community. Tables and graphs.

A prolonged focus on a smaller set of content topics in a given grade may allow
for teachers to observe students' knowledge ... student knowledge and ability to
apply that knowledge allows for greater opportunity for the teacher to assess,
plan, ...

The Visionary Sheepdog

A Leadership Book

A leader may learn their best lessons by watching a sheepdog. Sheepdogs are bright, full of unbridled energy, and loyal. They are, above all, goal oriented and intensely focused on rounding up the sheep for which they are responsible and herding them in the right direction. In this same way, the visionary sheepdog guides the group in the right strategic direction. But how can we take the lessons learned from the sheepdog and apply them to the business world? A modern business fable, The Visionary Sheepdog was developed by Susan J. Lindahl and Paul A. Lindahl Jr. The successful leader is often the one who says less and directs less, instead gaining more in goal attainment and cultural equilibrium by remaining focused on the task. The fable helps to put in perspective the role of a leader in an organizational intervention. The concept is straightforward. We start by leading one or two people as we try to herd them to the location of the tools, materials and knowledge they need, with the hope that they will pick those things up and begin to learn how to use them effectively. We then continue herding them to join with more people by circling around and around to keep the stragglers in the group as a sheepdog would do with his or her herd. As the knowledge grows and the group is brought to clear goals by the sheepdog (leader), the goal-oriented, empowered and enabled team processes emerge.

In this same way, the visionary sheepdog guides the group in the right strategic direction. But how can we take the lessons learned from the sheepdog and apply them to the business world?