Bilingual dictionaries hold great potential as a source of lexical resources for training and testing automated systems for optical character recognition, machine translation, and cross-language information retrieval. In this paper, we describe a system for extracting term lexicons from printed bilingual dictionaries. Our work was divided into three phases - dictionary segmentation, entry tagging, and generation. In segmentation, pages are divided into logical entries based on structural features learned from selected examples. The extracted entries are associated with functional labels and passed to a tagging module which associates linguistic labels with each word or phrase in the entry. The output of the system is a structure that represents the entries from the dictionary. We have used this approach to parse a variety of dictionaries with both Latin and non-Latin alphabets, and demonstrate the results of term lexicon generation for retrieval from a collection of French news stories using English queries.
In this paper, we describe a system for extracting term lexicons from printed bilingual dictionaries. Our work was divided into three phases - dictionary segmentation, entry tagging, and generation.
Although competitive oil and natural gas markets generally provide incentives for companies to invest in R&D, some industry experts believe these companies may underinvest in certain areas. A recent report noted important criteria for the DoE to consider in evaluating its oil and natural gas R&D efforts -- including the likelihood that industry would perform the research without fed. funding. This report reviews: (1) how much U.S. industry has invested in oil and natural gas R&D over the last 10 years, and the current focus of these activities; (2) how DoE's oil and natural gas R&D funding and activities compare with industry's; and (3) to what extent DoE ensures that its oil and natural gas R&D would not occur without federal funding. Illus.
United States Government Accountability Office Washington, DC 20548
December 29, 2008 The Honorable Byron L. Dorgan Chairman Subcommittee on
Energy and Water Development Committee on Appropriations United States
Senate ...
Untuk memberi suluh agar musjawarah berdjalan dengan lantjar, maka dalam
kursus ini tertjantum pula mata-peladjaran Bimbingan Musjawarah, jang isinja
memberi petundjuk praktis tentang djalannja musjawarah. Keterangan singkat ...
Bahkan di kalangan responden non pustakawan, ada 1 orang yang
menyebutkan bahwa yang menghalangi dia memilih jabatan fungsional adalah
karena jabatan ini merupakan tempat orang buangan . 4. Pemerintahan Kota
Belum ...
