The book addresses some important issues in second language acquisition research, such as access to Universal Grammar, the factors that account for success or failure in L2 learning, as well as parameter (re)setting, within the generative framework. The empirical data against which the research hypothesis is tested come from two main studies: a longitudinal one, involving beginner learners, and an experimental one, with elementary and advanced learners; all subjects are adults learning English in a formal instruction setting, with Romanian as L1. Starting from Chomsky’s (2005) account of first language acquisition in terms of three factors, namely genetic endowment, experience and non-linguistic principles, the first chapter of the book explores the question of whether the same three factors may be operating in second language learning. The rest of the book focuses on more specific research issues related to access to Universal Grammar and parameter (re)setting. Since L1 acquisition is defined mainly as the process of parameter setting on the basis of the input, parameter setting is expected to be at the core of L2 learning as well. However, in the literature, it has often been argued that one of the most important differences between L1 and L2 acquisition is related precisely to this process. The parameter which the book focuses on is the split IP parameter (Bobaljik and Thráinsson, 1998), in the case of Romanian L1 learners of English as L2. Romanian is (+ split IP) while English is (- split IP). In this case, the learners would need to move from the positive (+) value of the parameter to the negative (-) one, i.e. from a wider set of property values to a more restrictive one. There are three possible scenarios: (i) the L2 learners set the negative (-) value from the target language from the very beginning, on the basis of input alone; (ii) the learners first transfer the positive (+) value from their L1 and reset this value to the L2 negative (-) one as they progress in acquiring the L2; the final state is L2-like; (iii) the learners first transfer the positive (+) value from their L1 but resetting is impossible; the L2 underlying representations are different from those of native speakers even with advanced speakers, and what may account for final L2 state is parameter learning. These scenarios are explored with the help of the data provided by longitudinal and experimental studies.
This chapter explores the role of several factors which underlie instructed1
second language learning. One such factor which has been the focus of much
research in the generative tradition is Universal Grammar (UG). This is based on
the ...
On social policy in contributing to national economic development in Malaysia.
Dasar Kebajikan Sosial (Pindaan tahun 1990) dengan jelasnya menekankan
aplikasi ideologi pluralisme dalam sistem kebajikan negara. Menerusi ideologi
ini, semua sektor masyarakat: sektor swasta, sukarela, informal, komuniti, famili
dan ... (b) Elitisme Teori elitisme menyediakan gambaran alternatif mengenai
prosesproses politik yang ditawarkan oleh kritikan radikal pluralisme. Elitisme
bermakna: (i) Kepercayaan bahawa kerajaan seharusnya atau selalunya dari
segi prinsipal ...
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148 & Dealing with the Sell Side overhyped public relations campaignthat
increases demand for the stock. Once the company's stock price rises on this
news, the perpetrators dump their shares on the market, resulting in quick profits
for them ...
Essays on the clash between Indonesian students and troops in May 1998.
Ia mengira era reformasi telah menghapus cara-cara kekerasan di era Orde Baru
. Kenyataannya, kekerasan terhadap aktivitas hak asasi manusia masih
mengalami pengulangan. Ia mengundang otoritas penegak hukum di Indonesia
untuk ...
