Political movements of KAMMI, a Muslim student action organization, in the struggle for democracy in Indonesia.
Political movements of KAMMI, a Muslim student action organization, in the struggle for democracy in Indonesia.
Moslem scholars in Muhammadiyah, modern Islamic organization in Indonesia; collection of articles.
Moslem scholars in Muhammadiyah, modern Islamic organization in Indonesia; collection of articles.
Language testers have generally come to recognize the limitations of traditional statistical methods for validating oral language tests. They have begun to consider more innovative approaches to test validation, approaches that promise to illuminate the assessment process itself, rather than just assessment outcomes (i.e., ratings). One such approach is conversation analysis (or CA), a rigorous empirical methodology developed by sociologists, which employs inductive methods in order to discover and describe the recurrent, systematic properties of conversation, including sequential organization, turn-taking, repair, preference structure, and topic management. CA offers a systematic approach for analysing spoken interaction from a qualitative perspective, allowing one to make observations about a stretch of talk while at the same time interacting with it. This book provides language testers with a background in the conversation analytic framework and a fuller understanding of what is entailed in using conversation analysis in the context of oral language test validation.
Eighty-five Hebrew as a foreign language students in the U.S. were rated on
these 4 methods by 2 independent raters; her analyses detected the main
difference to be in the fourth test, where candidates reported information instead
of being interviewed; she concludes that 'speech style and topic are significant
factors influencing students' scores on oral proficiency' (p. 537). She suggests (
somewhat contrary to her later opinion (Shohamy 1988)) that the OPI is well
suited to testing ...
Paulus dimasa hidup Nabi lsa, adalah merupakan musuh utama bagi ummat
Kristen. ... Sesudah lsa tak ada di dunia ini atau sepeninggal Nabi lsa, tiba-tiba
Paulus bertaubat dan mengaku bahwa ia telah mendapat pangkat Rasul. ... 1:1,
berbunyi : "Daripada Paulus, seorang Rasul (bukannya daripada manusia) dan
bukan pula dengan jalan seorang manusia, melainkan yang ditetapkan oleh
Jesus Kristus serta Allah Bapa yang telah membangkitkan Jesus dari antara
orang mati".
Thoughts of Munawir Sjadzali, former Indonesian Minister of Religious Affairs on Islamic law.
Socioeconomic history in Indonesia; collected articles.
Socioeconomic history in Indonesia; collected articles.
